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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Phase fluctuations in a squeezed state using measured phase operators

Robert Lynch

Published Oct 1, 1987• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The phase fluctuations in a squeezed state are considered by using the recently introduced measured phase operators of Barnett and Pegg [ J. Phys. A19, 3849 ( 1986)], which permit considerably simplified calculations compared with conventional (e.g., Susskind–Glogower) operators and yet nonetheless are found to give agreement with physical expectations for a squeezed state, while more or less producing agreement with known results in various limits.

DOI
10.1364/josab.4.001723

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The phase fluctuations in a squeezed state are considered by using the recently introduced measured phase operators of Barnett and Pegg [ J. Phys. A19, 3849 ( 1986)], which permit considerably simplified calculations compared with conventional (e.g., Susskind–Glogower) operators and yet nonetheless are found to give agreement with physical expectations for a squeezed state, while more or less producing agreement with known results in various limits.
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The expectation value and variance of a new phase operator introduced recently by Pegg and Barnett [Europhys. Lett. 6, 483 (1988); Phys. Rev. A 39, 1665 (1989)] and by Barnett and Pegg [J. Mod. Opt. 36, 7 (1989)] is calculated for a coherent state. The values for the variance so obtained are compared with the phase-fluctuation measurements of Gerhardt, B\"uchler, and Liftin [Phys. Lett. 49A, 119 (1974)] and Gerhardt, Welling, and Frolich [Appl. Phys. 2, 91 (1973)]. Agreement is found to be good, provided that account is taken of the details of the experimental values.
A new set of phase operators for the electromagnetic field has been defined by an extension of squeezed-state theory. In several cases these operators have similar or the same properties as the previously defined (Susskind–Glogower) operators. However, the new operators also have unique properties of their own. The expectation values of the phase operators have been found for a squeezed state and been shown to reduce to the expected classical values in the limit of small amounts of squeezing and large field excitation.