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Laser Physics Letters

Effect of correlations on feedback control of atoms

T. Yu. Ivanova, D. A. Ivanov

Published Aug 9, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss the influence of atom-atom correlations on the collective feedback of atoms trapped in an 1D optical lattice. Analytically deriving the dynamics of these correlations we consider a series of feedback steps and analyze the average energy change as a measure of the feedback efficiency. It is demonstrated that the correlations strongly affect the feedback process, so that without destroying them the energy of the system can not be effectively reduced. The situations when a correlation-destroying mechanism operates are discussed as well.

DOI
10.1002/lapl.200610054

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We discuss the influence of atom-atom correlations on the collective feedback of atoms trapped in an 1D optical lattice. Analytically deriving the dynamics of these correlations we consider a series of feedback steps and analyze the average energy change as a measure of the feedback efficiency. It is demonstrated that the correlations strongly affect the feedback process, so that without destroying them the energy of the system can not be effectively reduced. The situations when a correlation-destroying mechanism operates are discussed as well.
A quantum-mechanical analysis of feedback cooling [see Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 , 153002 (2005)] of atoms trapped in a far-off-resonant optical lattice is presented. The model considered is valid for ultralow energies of atoms, thus, allowing for the study of an ultimate cooling limit. The influence of the measurement-induced noise and feedback-induced atom-atom correlations on the cooling efficiency is discussed. It is shown that there are regimes where the quantum noise can be effectively compensated for.
Light enables manipulating many-body states of matter, and atoms trapped in optical lattices is a prominent example. However, quantum properties of light are completely neglected in all quantum gas experiments. Extending methods of quantum optics to many-body physics will enable phenomena unobtainable in classical optical setups. We show how using the quantum optical feedback creates strong correlations in bosonic and fermionic systems. It balances two competing processes, originating from different fields: quantum backaction of weak optical measurement and many-body dynamics, resulting in stabilized density waves, antiferromagnetic and NOON states. Our approach is extendable to other systems promising for quantum technologies.
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The feasibility of using feedback for stabilization of atoms in an off-resonance optical lattice is demonstrated. In the proposed scheme, the collective coordinate of atoms is measured and instantaneously compensated for via a spatial shift of the potential of the optical lattice. An external action that provides for heating of atoms with subsequent decrease in their lifetime in the lattice is simulated by a set of independent reservoirs, each interacting only with one atom. A quantum-mechanical analysis of the problem shows that the use of the feedback within the proposed scheme makes it possible to stabilize the energy of atoms at a level below the equilibrium energy.
We demonstrate how to use feedback to control the internal states of trapped coherent ensembles of two-level atoms, and to protect a superposition state against the decoherence induced by a collective noise. Our feedback scheme is based on weak optical measurements with negligible backaction followed by coherent microwave manipulations. The efficiency of the feedback system is studied for a simple binary noise model and characterized in terms of the trade-off between information retrieval and destructivity from the optical probe. We also demonstrate the correction of more general types of collective noise. This technique can be used for the operation of atomic interferometers beyond the standard Ramsey scheme, opening the way towards improved atomic sensors.