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Annalen der Physik

Superfluorescence from Small Samples

Heinz Steudel

Published Jan 1, 1985• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The initiation of superfluorescence from N ≦ 70 atoms distributed randomly over the volume of a sphere is investigated by numerical computations. When a specified atomic configuration is changed by performing similarity transformations the cooperation number approaches an asymptotic value ≫ 1 for mean distances ≲ λ/50. This number does not depend on inhomogeneous broadening but sensitively depends on the specified random distribution of atoms. The mean value of the asymptotic cooperation number calculated for many configurations is near to √N.

DOI
10.1002/andp.19854970109

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Physical Review A•Mar 1, 1983•50 citations
Abstract The initiation of superfluorescence from N ≦ 70 atoms distributed randomly over the volume of a sphere is investigated by numerical computations. When a specified atomic configuration is changed by performing similarity transformations the cooperation number approaches an asymptotic value ≫ 1 for mean distances ≲ λ/50. This number does not depend on inhomogeneous broadening but sensitively depends on the specified random distribution of atoms. The mean value of the asymptotic cooperation number calculated for many configurations is near to √N.
The fluctuating properties of superradiant and superfluorescent systems are investigated by supplementing the equations of motion for the expectation values of quantum observables with random force terms. In the case of a small atomic system the time evolution of the radiated intensity as well as the intensity fluctuations are computed. We also find the time dependence of the average dipole moment in the presence of chirping. For a pencil-shaped geometry, a generalized system of Maxwell–Bloch equations is analysed. The inhomogeneous broadening is then included. We compare the semiclassical equation for the probability distribution of the atomic variables with the quantum equations based both on normal and antinormal ordering. With the exception of the region in the vicinity of the poles of the Bloch sphere, a close correspondence between the semiclassical and quantum theories is established. The oscillatory superfluorescence is treated similarly to quantum analysis by employing a new method of Lugiato for open systems.
Superfluorescent decay in a weakly disordered slab is considered. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations we show, that the cooperation number increases with increasing of the mean free path. Superfluorescent impulse is emitted at a small angle to the slab, isotropically in a plane direction. PACS.42.20-Propagation and transmission in inhomogeneous media. PACS.42.20G-Scattering, diffraction and polarization. Introduction. During the spontaneous emission of uncorrelated exited atoms, their dipole moments interact each other via the emitted electromagnetic field. If the lifetime of exited state is long enough, the radiation can induce the correlation between the group of large number Nc (so called cooperation
Superfluorescence emission profiles are computed using one-way coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations. Transverse effects are included in the full three-spatial-dimension case as well as in the cylindrical-symmetry case. Initiating quantum fluctuations are approximated by a random polarization source with a completely random phase and root-mean-square tipping angle of 2N\frac{2}{\sqrt{N}}N​2​, where NNN is the number of atoms in each volume element. These fluctuations reduce the tail of the output obtained with transverse effects alone. In fact, the fluctuations in output pulse shapes encompass the Cs data of Gibbs, Vrehen, and Hikspoors. The standard deviation for the delay time is found to be (12.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)% for Fresnel number of 0.8 compared with the value (10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)% recently measured by Vrehen and der Weduwe, also for Cs. Inhomogeneous-broadening effects are also included in some simulations.