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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Formation of radiation by single-pass lasing

V B Kryuchenkov, Alexandre V. Lukin, Petr V. Petrov, Yu. I. Chernukhin

Published Feb 28, 1990• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The integral transport equation is used to calculate the formation of amplified spontaneous radiation by single-pass lasing under saturation conditions. Analytic relationships are derived to describe the dependence of the output radiation characteristics on the parameters of the active medium in the steady-state case. The numerical calculations are made for a cylindrical lasing zone.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n02abeh005567

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The integral transport equation is used to calculate the formation of amplified spontaneous radiation by single-pass lasing under saturation conditions. Analytic relationships are derived to describe the dependence of the output radiation characteristics on the parameters of the active medium in the steady-state case. The numerical calculations are made for a cylindrical lasing zone.
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The method of a quasioptic equation for a transverse correlation function is used in a study of single-pass amplification of radiation from a spontaneous source in an optically inhomogeneous medium which is in the form of a cylinder or a planar layer and is characterized by nonresonant losses under gain saturation conditions. Approximate analytic expressions are deduced for the power of the radiation emerging from the end and side surfaces of the active medium in the two cases of homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened lines. The angular spectra of stimulated radiation are given. The coefficient representing the refraction losses and the problems of optimal coupling out of the energy via the side surface are discussed.
A one-dimensional radiative transfer model is used in a study of the amplification of spontaneous radiation as a result of a population-inverted ionic transition pumped by recombination. The problem of such transfer is solved analytically in the steady-state case and it is shown that the intensities of the radiation emitted in both directions are the same irrespective of the distribution of the unsaturated gain over the length of the active medium. Numerical calculations are reported of the stage of establishment of light fluxes. It is shown that during this transient stage a nonlinear interaction between opposite light fluxes is responsible for nonmonotonic behavior of the output radiation intensity. The problem of amplification in a traveling pump wave is treated analytically.
The output of pulsed, homogeneously broadened amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) lasers operating under conditions of strong saturation is considered. An expression for the maximum power (energy) per unit volume that may be extracted from steady-state (pulsed) systems is derived and shown to be independent of the saturation intensity. Numerical calculations of the temporal evolution of the populations in the laser levels and the growth in the ASE fluence, peak intensity, and spectral width are presented for three types of laser system: quasi steady state, short pump pulses, and self-termination. In all cases the growth in the fluence of the ASE pulse is found to agree with an analytic solution derived for conditions of strong saturation. The calculated growth in intensity of the ASE pulse is compared with expressions derived by Pert [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B11, 1425 (1994)] for the steady-state case. As expected, good agreement is found for the quasi-steady-state system, but in the limit of strong saturation significant differences occur for the short pump pulse and self-terminating laser systems considered. For all cases considered, the variation of the spectral width of the ASE pulse is found to be in reasonable agreement with that predicted by Pert for steady-state conditions.
The widely used technique for determining optical gain and absorption from single-pass, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is analyzed with particular attention given to active-volume saturation and three-dimensional effects. The results for homogeneously broadened media show that the population inversion and hence the gain in the active region is diminished by high levels of spontaneous and ASE. The externally measured gain is further reduced for large output collection apertures that admit incompletely amplified off-axis rays. Criteria are given for the excitation and detection geometries required to ensure accurate (∼10-percent) gain measurement. The simultaneous measurement of the equilibrium absorption coefficient can be made under less restrictive conditions.