The quantum mechanics of an electron or other particle

E. Rosencher, B. Vinter

Hironari Yamada

We all physicist have long been believed that an elementary particle is a wave as well as a particle, but we discuss in this paper that an electron (probably all fermions) is always a particle. Author claim that quantum mechanics (QM) is not such mysterious as Bohr stated that the wave turn to the particle by observation. We can understand QM by natural human sense. The wave nature of electrons is only an appearance or a phenomena but not intrinsic or substantial. An electron is an individual body, which interferes with other individual electrons. Interference is the key word instead of the wave to understand the quantum mechanics. Interference produces the wave nature and the uncertainty. When we determine that an electron is nothing but a particle, we will see the true meaning of wave function and the Schr?dinger’s equation.

Zisi Chen

Quantum mechanics, as a fundamental theory describing the microscopic world, has driven a revolution in physics over the past century. The wave-particle duality of electrons, as one of the core features of quantum mechanics, challenges the traditional understanding of matter in classical physics. Through wave-particle duality, electrons exhibit wave-like behavior in certain experiments and particle-like properties in others. This paper explores key concepts of quantum mechanics, such as the wave function and the Schrödinger equation, and verifies the wave and particle nature of electrons through experiments such as the double-slit experiment and Compton scattering. In addition, this paper discusses the integration of quantum field theory and quantum mechanics, emphasizing the profound impact of electron duality on modern physics and quantum technology. With the continuous development of quantum technology, the duality of electrons not only provides a theoretical foundation for fields such as quantum computing and quantum communication but also offers new directions for technological innovation in the future.

Wolfgang Scherer

Cesare Malagu', Giulia Zonta

David Hestenes

Understanding the electron clock and the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics is grounded in the geometry of spacetime, and best expressed with Spacetime Algebra (STA). The efficiency of STA is demonstrated with coordinate-free applications to both relativistic and non-relativistic QM. Insight into the structure of Dirac theory is provided by a new comprehensive analysis of local observables and conservation laws. This provides the foundation for a comparative analysis of wave and particle models for the hydrogen atom, the workshop where Quantum Mechanics was designed, built and tested.