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Journal of Physics Conference Series

SolvablePT-symmetric potentials in 2 and 3 dimensions

GÉZA LÉVAI

Published Aug 1, 2008• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The solution of non-central PT -symmetric potentials is discussed by the separation of the variables in polar and angular coordinates. Conditions are formulated to guarantee the separation of the variables and the PT symmetry of the potential. The original eigenvalue equation is separated into one-dimensional Schrödinger-type differential equations. The importance of the boundary conditions, especially that of the periodic boundary condition of the azimuthal equation is pointed out. Further conditions leading to exact solutions of the whole problem are also formulated. An example combining the harmonic oscillator and the Scarf I potential in the radial and polar equation is discussed in detail, and the bound-state wave functions and the energy eigenvalues are derived. The spectrum exhibits partial degeneracies similar to those observed in the spectrum of the isotropic harmonic oscillator.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/128/1/012045

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The solution of non-central PT -symmetric potentials is discussed by the separation of the variables in polar and angular coordinates. Conditions are formulated to guarantee the separation of the variables and the PT symmetry of the potential. The original eigenvalue equation is separated into one-dimensional Schrödinger-type differential equations. The importance of the boundary conditions, especially that of the periodic boundary condition of the azimuthal equation is pointed out. Further conditions leading to exact solutions of the whole problem are also formulated. An example combining the harmonic oscillator and the Scarf I potential in the radial and polar equation is discussed in detail, and the bound-state wave functions and the energy eigenvalues are derived. The spectrum exhibits partial degeneracies similar to those observed in the spectrum of the isotropic harmonic oscillator.
We present a general procedure by which solvable non-central potentials can be obtained in 2 and 3 dimensions by the separation of the angular and radial variables. The method is applied to generate solvable non-central PT-symmetric potentials in polar coordinates. General considerations are presented concerning the PT transformation properties of the eigenfunctions, their pseudo-norm and the nature of the energy eigenvalues. It is shown that within the present framework the spontaneous breakdown of PT symmetry can be implemented only in two dimensions.
The mechanism of introducing non-Hermiticity to non-central -symmetric potentials through both the azimuth and θ polar angles is discussed. Generalizing the results of a previous work it is shown that this can be done also through the polar angle part if appropriate potentials, such as the Scarf I or Rosen–Morse I potentials are used in the eigenvalue equation of the polar component. It is shown that the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry can also occur in these non-central potentials. Several potentials are proposed in the azimuthal eigenvalue equation too, where the use of periodic boundary conditions is essential. Possible generalizations of the results are outlined.
We investigate the approximate bound state solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the PT-/non-PT-symmetric and non Hermitian Hellmann potential. Exact energy eigenvalues and corresponding normalized wave functions are obtained. Numerical values of energy eigenvalues for the bound states are compared with the ones obtained before. Scattering state solutions are also studied. Phase shifts of the potential are written in terms of the angular momentum quantum number ℓ\ellℓ.
We investigate the approximate bound state solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation for the PT-/non-PT-symmetric and non Hermitian Hellmann potential. Exact energy eigenvalues and corresponding normalized wave functions are obtained. Numerical values of energy eigenvalues for the bound states are compared with the ones obtained before. Scattering state solutions are also studied. Phase shifts of the potential are written in terms of the angular momentum quantum number ℓ\ellℓ.