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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Controlled Entanglement Swapping for Continuous Variables

Daohua Wu, Dong Ping, Yang Ming, Zhuo‐Liang Cao

Published Apr 1, 2008• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for controlled entanglement swapping of continuous variable, where an EPR pair shared by two parties (Alice and Debbie) and a GHZ entangled state shared by three parties (Alice, Bob and Claire) are required. One optical beams of the EPR state will be entangled with the output mode displaced by Bob with the help of Claire. It is shown that the entanglement swapping can occur controlled by the third party (Claire).

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/49/4/15

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We propose a scheme for controlled entanglement swapping of continuous variable, where an EPR pair shared by two parties (Alice and Debbie) and a GHZ entangled state shared by three parties (Alice, Bob and Claire) are required. One optical beams of the EPR state will be entangled with the output mode displaced by Bob with the help of Claire. It is shown that the entanglement swapping can occur controlled by the third party (Claire).
We propose the use of hybrid entanglement in an entanglement swapping protocol, as means of distributing a Bell state with high fidelity to two parties, Alice and Bob. The hybrid entanglement used in this work is described as a discrete variable (Fock state) and a continuous variable (cat state superposition) entangled state. We model equal and unequal levels of photonic loss between the two propagating continuous variable modes, before detecting these states via a projective vacuum-one-photon measurement, and the other mode via balanced homodyne detection. We investigate homodyne measurement imperfections, and the associated success probability of the measurement schemes chosen in this protocol. We show that our entanglement swapping scheme is resilient to low levels of photonic losses, as well as low levels of averaged unequal losses between the two propagating modes, and show an improvement in this loss resilience over other hybrid entanglement schemes using coherent state superpositions as the propagating modes. Finally, we conclude that our protocol is suitable for potential quantum networking applications which require two nodes to share entanglement separated over a distance of 5-10 km when used with a suitable entanglement purification scheme.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particle sequences according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping. Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party. In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver. The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver. This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
We propose a scheme of loss-resilient entanglement swapping between two distant parties in lossy optical fibre. In this scheme, Alice and Bob each begin with a pair of entangled non-classical states; these 'hybrid states' of light are entangled discrete variable (Fock state) and continuous variable (CVs) (coherent state) pairs. The CV halves of each of these pairs are sent through lossy optical fibre to a middle location, where these states are then mixed (using a 50:50 beam-splitter) and measured. The detection scheme we use is to measure one of these modes via vacuum detection, and to measure the other mode using balanced homodyne detection. In this work we show that the Bell state can theoretically be produced following this scheme with high fidelity and entanglement, even when allowing for a small amount of loss. It can be shown that there is an optimal amplitude value ( α ) of the coherent state, when allowing for such loss. We also investigate the realistic circumstance when the loss is not balanced in the propagating modes. We demonstrate that a small amount of loss mismatch does not destroy the overall entanglement, thus demonstrating the physical practicality of this protocol.
We propose a scheme of loss-resilient entanglement swapping between two distant parties in lossy optical fibre. In this scheme, Alice and Bob each begin with a pair of entangled non-classical states; these "hybrid states" of light are entangled discrete variable (Fock state) and continuous variable (coherent state) pairs. The continuous variable halves of each of these pairs are sent through lossy optical fibre to a middle location, where these states are then mixed (using a 50:50 beam-splitter) and measured. The detection scheme we use is to measure one of these modes via vacuum detection, and to measure the other mode using balanced homodyne detection. In this work we show that the |Φ+⟩=(|00⟩+|11⟩)/2–√ Bell state can theoretically be produced following this scheme with high fidelity and entanglement, even when allowing for a small amount of loss. It can be shown that there is an optimal amplitude value (α) of the coherent state, when allowing for such loss. We also investigate the realistic circumstance when the loss is not balanced in the propagating modes. We demonstrate that a small amount of loss mismatch does not destroy the overall entanglement, thus demonstrating the physical practicality of this protocol.