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International Journal of Modern Physics A

ROW TRANSFER MATRIX FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS FOR A–D–E LATTICE MODELS

Paul A. Pearce

Published Apr 1, 1992• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Determinantal functional equations satisfied by the row transfer matrix eigenvalues of critical A–D–E lattice spin models are presented. These are obtained for models associated with the Lie algebras [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], AL, DL and E6,7,8 by exploiting connections with functional equations satisfied by the row transfer matrix eigenvalues of the six-vertex model at rational values of the crossing parameter λ=sπ/h where h is the Coxeter number. In addition, fusion is used to derive special functional equations, called inversion identity hierarchies, which provide the key to the direct calculation of finite-size corrections, central charges and conformal weights for the critical A–D–E lattice models.

DOI
10.1142/s0217751x9200404x

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Determinantal functional equations satisfied by the row transfer matrix eigenvalues of critical A–D–E lattice spin models are presented. These are obtained for models associated with the Lie algebras [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], AL, DL and E6,7,8 by exploiting connections with functional equations satisfied by the row transfer matrix eigenvalues of the six-vertex model at rational values of the crossing parameter λ=sπ/h where h is the Coxeter number. In addition, fusion is used to derive special functional equations, called inversion identity hierarchies, which provide the key to the direct calculation of finite-size corrections, central charges and conformal weights for the critical A–D–E lattice models.
The effect of anisotropic interactions on the eigenvalue spectrum of the row-to-row transfer matrix of critical lattice spin models is investigated. It is verified that the predictions of conformal theory apply to anisotropic systems if one allows for spatial rescaling by incorporating an anisotropy factor zeta =(a y /a x ) sin theta where a y and a x are lattice spacings and theta is an angle describing the anisotropy. For exactly solvable models these anisotropy angles can be calculated analytically using corner transfer matrices. This is done for the eight-vertex model, hard hexagons and interacting hard squares and it is found that theta = pi u/ lambda , 10u/3 and 5u respectively where u is the spectral parameter and lambda is the crossing parameter. For each of these models, the amplitude of the finite-size corrections to the free energy at criticality is found to be of the form pi zeta c/6N 2 where zeta is the anisotropy factor and the central charge or conformal anomaly is given by c=1, 4/5 and 7/10 respectively. This is an analytic result for the eight-vertex model. For the hard hexagon and square models the largest eigenvalues are found accurately by numerically solving their inversion identities for various anisotropies and strip widths up to N=48. Finally, the authors argue that the anisotropy angle for magnetic hard squares and the q-state Potts models is also given by theta = pi u/ lambda , so this result is quite general.
A general analytic method for calculating finite-size corrections, central charges, and scaling dimensions of solvable lattice models is presented. The approach is to solve the special functional equations or inversion identities satisfied by the commuting row transfer matrices of these lattice models at criticality. For purposes of illustration, the method is applied to calculate the central charge c=4/5 and leading magnetic scaling dimension x=2/15 of hard hexagons. These numbers are rational due to special values of Rogers dilogarithms.
Fusion hierarchies of A-D-E face models are constructed. The fused critical D, E and elliptic D models yield new solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations with bond variables on the edges of faces in addition to the spin variables on the corners. It is shown directly that the row transfer matrices of the fused models satisfy special functional equations. Intertwiners between the fused A-D-E models are constructed by fusing the cells that intertwine the elementary face weights. As an example, we calculate explicitly the fused 2×2 face weights of the 3-state Potts model associated with the D4 diagram as well as the fused intertwiner cells for the A5-D4 intertwiner. Remarkably, this 2×2 fusion yields the face weights of both the Ising model and 3-state CSOS models.
A lattice model of critical dense polymers is solved exactly for finite strips. The model is the first member of the principal series of the recently introduced logarithmic minimal models. The key to the solution is a functional equation in the form of an inversion identity satisfied by the commuting double-row transfer matrices. This is established directly in the planar Temperley–Lieb algebra and holds independently of the space of link states on which the transfer matrices act. Different sectors are obtained by acting on link states with s −1 defects where s = 1,2,3,... is an extended Kac label. The bulk and boundary free energies and finite-size corrections are obtained from the Euler–Maclaurin formula. The eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are classified by the physical combinatorics of the patterns of zeros in the complex spectral-parameter plane. This yields a selection rule for the physically relevant solutions to the inversion identity and explicit finitized characters for the associated quasi-rational representations. In particular, in the scaling limit, we confirm the central charge c = −2 and conformal weights Δ s = ((2− s ) 2 −1)/8 for s = 1,2,3,.... We also discuss a diagrammatic implementation of fusion and show with examples how indecomposable representations arise. We examine the structure of these representations and present a conjecture for the general fusion rules within our framework.
A new functional equation satisfied by the commuting row-to-row transfer matrices is derived for the eight-vertex model. Functional equations of the same form are satisfied by hard hexagons, magnetic hard squares, the self-dual Potts models, the Andrews-Baxter-Forrester models, and others. These new functional equations are called inversion identities because they generalize the inversion relation for local transfer matrices. It is conjectured that all solvable models satisfying Yang-Baxter equations possess such inversion identities and that, in general, these functional equations can be solved for the transfer-matrix eigenvalues.