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Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)

Loading a dressed Zeeman trap with cold atoms

Yves Colombe, B. Mercier, Hélène Perrin, V. Lorent

Published Oct 1, 2004• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we report on our progress towards the realization of a quantum degenerate gas in two dimensions. Our goal is to transfer a BEC of 87Rb in a very anisotropic trap of oscillation frequencies $\omega_z \gg \omega_1, \omega_2$. Several schemes of such a trap exist. We focussed our attention to the proposal of Oliver Zobay and Barry Garraway published in 2001. The atoms firstly condensed in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap are transferred to an iso-B surface defined by a rf resonance. The upper Zeeman rf dressed states act as a trap at the iso-B surface surrounding the centre of the magnetic trap. The gravity pulls the atoms down in the bottom of the dressed trap and is responsible for pendulum oscillations of the trapped atomic cloud. This paper presents the characteristics of this trap loaded with very cold atoms.

DOI
10.1051/jp4:2004116013

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In this paper we report on our progress towards the realization of a quantum degenerate gas in two dimensions. Our goal is to transfer a BEC of 87Rb in a very anisotropic trap of oscillation frequencies ωz≫ω1,ω2\omega_z \gg \omega_1, \omega_2ωz​≫ω1​,ω2​. Several schemes of such a trap exist. We focussed our attention to the proposal of Oliver Zobay and Barry Garraway published in 2001. The atoms firstly condensed in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap are transferred to an iso-B surface defined by a rf resonance. The upper Zeeman rf dressed states act as a trap at the iso-B surface surrounding the centre of the magnetic trap. The gravity pulls the atoms down in the bottom of the dressed trap and is responsible for pendulum oscillations of the trapped atomic cloud. This paper presents the characteristics of this trap loaded with very cold atoms.
We present the experimental implementation of a new trap for cold atoms proposed by O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway. It relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms dressed by a rf field in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This trap is well suited to confine atoms tightly along one direction to produce a two-dimensional atomic gas. We transferred ultracold atoms into this trap, starting either from thermal samples or Bose--Einstein condensates. In the latter case, technical noise during the loading stage caused heating and prevented us from observing 2D BECs.
We present the experimental implementation of a new trap for cold atoms proposed by O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway ( Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1195). It relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms dressed by a rf field in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This trap is well suited to confine atoms tightly along one direction to produce a two-dimensional atomic gas. We transferred ultracold atoms into this trap, starting either from thermal samples or Bose-Einstein condensates. In the latter case, technical noise during the loading stage caused heating and prevented us from observing 2D BECs.
We propose two loading mechanisms of a degenerate Bose gas into a surface trap. This trap relies on the dipole potential produced by two evanescent optical waves far detuned from the atomic resonance, yielding a strongly anisotropic trap with typical frequencies 40 Hz × 65 Hz × 30 kHz. We present numerical simulations based on the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation of the transfer process from a conventional magnetic trap into the surface trap. We show that, despite a large discrepancy between the oscillation frequencies along one direction in the initial and final traps, a loading time of a few tens of milliseconds would lead to an adiabatic transfer. Preliminary experimental results are presented.
We combine an RF-dressed magnetic trap with an optical potential to produce a toroidal trapping potential for ultracold 87Rb atoms. We load atoms into this ring trap from a conventional magnetic trap and compare the measured oscillation frequencies with theoretical predictions. This method of making a toroidal trap gives a high degree of flexibility such as a tuneable radius and variable transverse oscillation frequency. The ring trap is ideal for the creation of a multiply connected Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and the study of persistent flow and we propose a scheme for introducing a flow of the atoms around the ring.
A combination of radio frequency radiation and magnetic field gradients was used to\ntrap atoms in dressed states. In a magnetic field with a quadrupole minimum, RF\nfields resonant with the (|F,mf i) |1,−1i ! |1, 0i transition trapped the atoms on\nthe surface of a sphere, and gravity caused the atoms to pool at the bottom of the\nsphere. BECs were transferred into this dressed Zeeman trap with 100% efficiency,\nwith lifetimes of up to 30 s, and trapping frequencies of up to 250 Hz were measured.\nA hard disk platter with a specially written magnetic pattern was used to generate\nmagnetic fields to confine atoms tightly. Detrimental interactions with the surface\nwere avoided by using an extremely thin film with a large magnetic remnant. BECs\nof up to 5×104 atoms were produced in cigar shaped traps 40 µm above the surface,\nand trap frequencies up to 5 kHz were measured. After evaporation, condensed clouds\nmoved closer to the surface to probe imperfections in the magnetic potential, revealing\ndefects at distances closer than 35 µm. Finally, BECs were dropped from a height of\n350 µm in an attempt to achieve specular reflection, but a large amount of dispersion\nwas observed.\nFinally, BECs were loaded into a three-dimensional optical lattice, and a quantum\nphase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator was observed. Using microwave\nspectroscopy, the density dependent “clock shift” was was found to depend on the\noccupation number of the wells. The singly occupied lattice sites were then investigated\nas an atomic clock system with no density shift. Linewidths as small as 1 Hz\nFWHM out of 6.8 GHz are comparable to current atomic frequency standards.
Abstract We demonstrate the trapping of cold atoms in a toroidal geometry using a radio frequency (rf) dressed quadrupole magnetic trap formed by superposing a strong rf-field on a quadrupole trap. This rf-dressed quadrupole trap has the minimum potential away from the quadrupole trap centre on a circular path which facilitates trapping in toroidal geometry. In these experiments, the laser cooled atoms were first trapped in a quadrupole trap, then cooled evaporatively using a weak rf-field, and finally trapped in an rf-dressed quadrupole trap. The radius of the toroid could be varied by varying the frequency of the dressing rf-field. It has also been demonstrated that a single rf source and an antenna can be used for the rf-evaporative cooling as well as for the rf-dressing of atoms. The atoms trapped in the toroidal trap may have applications in the realization of an atom gyroscope as well as in studying the quantum gases in low dimensions.