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Optics Express

Spectral study of photon pairs generated in dispersion shifted fiber with a pulsed pump

Xiaoying Li, Xiaoxin Ma, Zhe Yu Ou, Lei Yang, Liang Cui, Dao-Yin Yu

Published Jan 1, 2008• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spectral correlation of photon pairs generated in dispersion shifted fiber by a pulsed pump is theoretically analyzed and experimentally investigated. We first calculate the spectral function of photon pairs according to the deduced two-photon state generated by spontaneous four wave mixing under the assumptions close to the real experimental conditions. We then experimentally study the spectral property of the signal and idler photon pairs generated in optical fiber by photon correlation measurements, and the experimental results agree with the calculation. The investigation is useful for developing fiber-based sources of entangled photon pairs and for studying multi-photon quantum interference with multiple photon pairs.

DOI
10.1364/oe.16.000032

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Spectral correlation of photon pairs generated in dispersion shifted fiber by a pulsed pump is theoretically analyzed and experimentally investigated. We first calculate the spectral function of photon pairs according to the deduced two-photon state generated by spontaneous four wave mixing under the assumptions close to the real experimental conditions. We then experimentally study the spectral property of the signal and idler photon pairs generated in optical fiber by photon correlation measurements, and the experimental results agree with the calculation. The investigation is useful for developing fiber-based sources of entangled photon pairs and for studying multi-photon quantum interference with multiple photon pairs.
Based on the dispersion property of a given photonic crystal fiber (PCF), we study how to directly generate photon pairs with minimized frequency correlation via pulse-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing. After illustrating why the intensity correlation function g (2) of individual signal (idler) photons can be used to reliably characterize the frequency correlation of photon pairs, we numerically investigate the dependence of g (2) under various kinds of experimental conditions. The results show that to minimize the frequency correlation, the experimental parameters should be properly optimized by balancing the influences of the high-order dispersion and the intrinsic sinc oscillation of phase matching function, apart from the satisfaction of the specified phase matching condition and the usage of transform-limited pump pulses. To verify the calculated results, we conduct two series of experiments by regulating the pump to respectively satisfy the asymmetric and symmetric group velocity matching conditions in our 0.6 m-long PCF. In both cases, the measured values of g (2) are less than the calculated results due to the inhomogeneity of the PCF; however, the experimental results qualitatively agree with the numerical simulations. Our investigation is very useful in fiber-based quantum state engineering.
The photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is one of the excellent media for generating photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing. Here we study how the inhomogeneity of PCFs affect the spectral properties of photon pairs from both the theoretical and experimental aspects. The theoretical model shows that the photon pairs born in different places of the inhomogeneous PCF are coherently superposed, and a modulation in the broadened spectrum of phase-matching function will appear, which prevents the realization of spectral factorable photon pairs. In particular, the inhomogeneity induced modulation can be examined by measuring the spectrum of the individual signal or idler field when the asymmetric group-velocity matching condition is approximately fulfilled. Our experiments are performed by tailoring the spectrum of pulsed pump to satisfy the specified phase-matching condition. The observed spectra of individual signal photons, which are produced from different segments of the 1.9 m inhomogeneous PCF, agree with the theoretical predictions. The investigations are not only useful for fiber-based quantum state engineering, but also provide a dependable method to test the homogeneity of PCF.
Temporal coherence of individual signal or idler beam, determined by the spectral correlation property of photon pairs, is important for realizing quantum interference among independent sources. Based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in optical fibers, we study the effect of chirp on the temporal coherence property by introducing a different amount of chirp into either the pulsed pump or individual signal (idler) beam. The investigation shows that the pump chirp induces additional frequency correlation into photon pairs; the mutual spectral correlation of photon pairs and the coherence of individual beam can be characterized by measuring the intensity correlation function g(2){g}^{(2)}g(2) of the individual beam. To improve the coherence degree, the pump chirp should be minimized. Moreover, a Hong-Ou-Mandel--type two-photon interference experiment with the signal beams generated in two different fibers illustrates that the chirp of the individual signal (idler) beam does not change the temporal coherence degree, but affects the temporal mode matching. To achieve high visibility among multiple sources, apart from improving the coherence degree, mode matching should be optimized by managing the chirps of individual beams.
We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spectral state of the photon pair which shows how this can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate pump bandwidth, fiber length and birefringence. Spontaneous Raman scattering is modeled to determine the tradeoff between SFWM and background Raman noise, and the predicted results are shown to agree with experimental data.
Based on the dispersion property of a given photonic crystal fiber (PCF), we study how to directly generate frequency de-correlated photon pairs via pulse pumped spontaneous four wave mixing from both the theoretical and experimental aspects. The numerical investigation shows that to generated the frequency de-correlated photon pairs, the experimental parameters should be properly optimized by balancing the influences of the high order dispersion and the intrinsic sinc oscillation of phase matching function, apart from the satisfaction of specified phase matching condition and the usage of transform limited pump pulses. We also conduct experiment to verify the numerical simulations, and the experimental results qualitatively agree with the calculations. For the filter free case, the experimentally obtained maximum g(2) of the individual signal photons is 1.76 ± 0.02. When this kind of photon pairs is used to realize the heralded single photons, the heralding efficiency can reach 86%.
We present a study of the spectral properties of photon pairs generated through the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in single mode fiber. Our analysis assumes narrowband pumps, which are allowed to be frequency degenerate or nondegenerate. Based on this analysis, we derive conditions on the pump frequencies and on the fiber dispersion parameters which guarantee the generation of ultrabroadband photon pairs. Such photon pairs are characterized by (i) a very large degree of entanglement, and (ii) a very high degree of temporal synchronization between the signal and idler photons. Through a numerical exercise, we find that the use of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) facilitates the fulfilment of the conditions for ultrabroadband photon pair generation; in particular, the spectral region in which emission occurs can be adjusted to particular needs through an appropriate choice of the PCF parameters. In addition, we present a quantum interference effect, resulting from indistinguishable pathways to the same outcome, which can occur when pumping a SFWM source with multiple spectral lines.