The effect of quantum fluctuations on a single-contact interferometer is considered. An expression for the “fluctuational” inductance, above which the superconducting current is effectively suppressed by quantum fluctuations, is obtained.
The behavior of a superconducting ring incorporating a point contact, coupled inductively to an oscillatory circuit (hf SQUID), with the rate of change of the magnetic flux in the ring being comparable, to the inverse energy relaxation time of excitations in the superconductor τϵ−1, is examined. For T ∽ Tc the results of the microscopic theory of the nonstationary behavior of point contacts, in which the coupling between the phase difference and the current of the Josephson junction differs from the usual expression I = V/R + Icsinφ in the resistive model, are used. It is shown that the nonequilibrium behavior of a weak link for ω≳τϵ−1 significantly changes the amplitude–frequency and signal characteristics of the SQUID as compared with the case ωτϵ−1≪1, for which the results based on the resistive model are valid. The characteristics of the SQUID in the nonequilibrium situation are sensitive to the ratio between the size of the contact and the mean free path of electrons relative to scattering by impurities.
The patterns of reversible changes in the critical current and discrete current states of a structure in the form of a superconducting quantum interferometer shunted by superconducting inductance, as a result of passing an alternating transport current through the structure and applying an external alternating magnetic field simultaneously with a direct transport current, was established. A new type of discrete stationary state was discovered during the transition of the interferometer to the resistive state caused by the combined action of direct and alternating transport currents.