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IEEE Communications Letters

Safe Early Stopping for Layered LDPC Decoding

Marco Ferrari, S. Bellini, Alessandro Tomasoni

Published Dec 30, 2014• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this letter, we address the problem of early stopping of iterative decoding of LDPC codes, driven by criteria ensuring that no errors occur from premature termination. A safe termination strategy developed for Turbo codes is generalized to layered LDPC decoding. Then, a more efficient version and also two less efficient, but less complex, criteria are proposed.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2014.2386853

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In this letter, we address the problem of early stopping of iterative decoding of LDPC codes, driven by criteria ensuring that no errors occur from premature termination. A safe termination strategy developed for Turbo codes is generalized to layered LDPC decoding. Then, a more efficient version and also two less efficient, but less complex, criteria are proposed.
In this letter, we address the issue of early stopping criterion for layered LDPC decoders, aiming at more safeness with low hardware cost and minimum latency. We introduce a new on-the-fly measure in the decoder, called in-between layers partial syndrome, and define a family of stopping criteria, with different tradeoffs among complexity, latency, and performance. Numerical results show that our stopping criteria surpass existing solutions, and can be as safe as the full-syndrome detection, down to frame error rates (FERs) as low as FER = 10-8.
Energy consumption is a major issue for LDPC decoding. To save LDPC iterative process energy, early terminations are commonly used. Traditional parity check equation is used but has a growing complexity as the block size increases. This requires a large overhead in term of area. This paper proposes an ultra-low complexity early termination (ET) scheme with a small loss of bit error rate performance based on the layer stopping (LS) criterion. The proposed ET scheme is performed by checking the number of convergent layers stopped by the LS criterion with a preset threshold. Compared with other ET schemes, the proposed ET scheme has a negligible hardware overhead and an acceptable bit error rate performance.
This paper presents an analysis of existing stopping criteria for layered architecture used for quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC decoders. Furthermore, it proposes a novel imprecise method for early termination in layered decoders. The analysis is performed under the same framework in order to provide a fair and accurate comparison between existing methods, and our new solution. The developed hardware modules have been designed independently from the decoder architecture, with the only constraint that the decoder scheduling is layered. Synthesis estimates for Xilinx Virtex-7 devices and the decoding performance analysis indicate that the new stopping criterion presents the best cost/performance trade-off for most of the considered LDPC codes.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are one of the most popular linear block codes have ever been used in the communication system.The standard two-phase message passing decoding (TPMPD) algorithm and the layered message-passing decoding (LMPD) algorithm are widely used in LDPC decoder.However, the convergence speed of LMPD algorithm is much faster than that of TPMPD algorithm, particularly in the condition of high signal noise ratio (SNR).In this paper, we propose an early termination criterion for quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes based on LMPD algorithm with fast convergence speed.The strategy is to dynamically reprocesses the uncorrected related layers while skipping the corrected ones.Simulations show that 3% reduction in terms of iteration numbers can be achieved with no performance loss compared to the traditional termination strategies, such as hard decision aided (HDA) strategy and parity check equations (PCE) strategy.Furthermore, the optimized early termination strategy achieves low complexity in hardware implementation.
Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are amongst the most powerful codes known today. They are decoded iteratively by a message-passing algorithm. For this, an inherent stopping criterion exists for decodable blocks based on parity checks. For undecodable blocks, typically, a fixed number of iterations are carried out before the decoding procedure is terminated, which is a waste of energy and time. We present a stopping criterion which detects undecodable blocks in an early stage of the decoding process. The novel stopping criterion works for floating and fixed point implementations. It greatly reduces the average number of required iterations without any loss in communication performance.
The analog implementation of error control decoders is a competitive methodology compared with the digital implementation in power efficiency and throughput. In order to detect uncorrectable frames and early stop the iterative decoding of low-density parity check (LDPC) analog decoders, a probability stopping block using probabilities of satisfied checks is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed criterion can greatly reduce the average number of iterations at low SNR, and has better tradeoff between complexity and performance than other stopping criteria using extrinsic information.