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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

On Photon Rescattering in the Atomic-Cascade Experimental Tests of Bell Inequalities

Angel L. Sanz, J. L. Sánchez‐Gómez

Published Mar 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We compute the probability, P , that the second photon of an atomic-cascade experiment, performed to test Bell inequalities, undergoes rescattering. In the case of the experiments of Aspect et al. , we find P ≃ 0.1; hence, the possibility that photon rescattering be a "loophole" in the experimental refutation of local hidden-variable theories is ruled out.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/3/5/001

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We compute the probability, P , that the second photon of an atomic-cascade experiment, performed to test Bell inequalities, undergoes rescattering. In the case of the experiments of Aspect et al. , we find P ≃ 0.1; hence, the possibility that photon rescattering be a "loophole" in the experimental refutation of local hidden-variable theories is ruled out.
Bell's inequalities cannot be violated in atomic-cascade experiments, even with ideal apparatus, due to the three-body character of the atomic decay. Here we propose a new experiment that would block this loophole by means of a suitable selection of an ensemble of photon pairs. A threshold value for the quantum efficiency is found which may allow the discrimination between quantum mechanics and local-hidden-variables theories. Experimental requirements for performing such a test are discussed.
Experimental tests of Bell's inequality allow to distinguish quantum mechanics from local hidden variable theories. Such tests are performed by measuring correlations of two entangled particles (e.g. polarization of photons or spins of atoms). In order to constitute conclusive evidence, two conditions have to be satisfied. First, strict separation of the measurement events in the sense of special relativity is required ("locality loophole"). Second, almost all entangled pairs have to be detected (for particles in a maximally entangled state the required detector efficiency is 82.8%), which is hard to achieve experimentally ("detection loophole"). By using the recently demonstrated entanglement between single trapped atoms and single photons it becomes possible to entangle two atoms at a large distance via entanglement swapping. Combining the high detection efficiency achieved with atoms with the space-like separation of the atomic state detection events, both loopholes can be closed within the same experiment. In this paper we present estimations based on current experimental achievements which show that such an experiment is feasible in future.
Experimental tests of Bell's inequality allow to distinguish quantum mechanics from local hidden variable theories. Such tests are performed by measuring correlations of two entangled particles (e.g. polarization of photons or spins of atoms). In order to constitute conclusive evidence, two conditions have to be satisfied. First, strict separation of the measurement events in the sense of special relativity is required ("locality loophole"). Second, almost all entangled pairs have to be detected (for particles in a maximally entangled state the required detector efficiency is 82.8%), which is hard to achieve experimentally ("detection loophole"). By using the recently demonstrated entanglement between single trapped atoms and single photons it becomes possible to entangle two atoms at a large distance via entanglement swapping. Combining the high detection efficiency achieved with atoms with the space-like separation of the atomic state detection events, both loopholes can be closed within the same experiment. In this paper we present estimations based on current experimental achievements which show that such an experiment is feasible in future.
The proposal is made of replacing the usual auxiliary assumptions needed for the derivation of testable Bell inequalities by an assumption resting only on symmetry considerations. It is shown that reliable atomic cascade tests of symmetric local hidden-variables theories should combine high statistics, cascades of type 0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, and calcite polarizers. The three conditions have been achieved in experiments already performed, but never before simultaneously.