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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Masked Beamforming in the Presence of Energy-Harvesting Eavesdroppers

Muhammad R. A. Khandaker, Kai‐Kit Wong

Published Oct 14, 2014• 94 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper considers a multiple-input single-output downlink system consisting of one multiantenna transmitter, one single-antenna information receiver (IR), and multiple single-antenna energy-harvesting receivers (ERs) for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. The design is to keep the message secret to the ERs while maximizing the information rate at the IR and meeting the energy harvesting constraints at the ERs. Technically, our objective is to optimize the information-bearing beam and artificial noise energy beam for maximizing the secrecy rate of the IR subject to individual harvested energy constraints of the ERs for the case where the ERs can collude to perform joint decoding in an attempt to illicitly decode the secret message to the IR. As a by-product, we also solve the total power minimization problem subject to secrecy rate and energy harvesting constraints. Both scenarios of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter are addressed. For the imperfect CSI case, we study both eavesdroppers' channel covariance-based and worst case-based designs. Using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques, we show that there always exists a rank-one optimal transmit covariance solution for the IR. Furthermore, if the SDR results in a higher rank solution, we propose an efficient algorithm to always construct an equivalent rank-one optimal solution. Computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.

DOI
10.1109/tifs.2014.2363033

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This letter considers simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in multiple-input-single-output downlink systems in which a multiantenna transmitter sends a secret message to a single-antenna information receiver (IR) with multiple single-antenna energy receivers (ERs). We aim to maximize the harvested energy by the ERs while maintaining the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) threshold at the IR and keeping the message secure from possible eavesdropping by the ERs by suppressing their SINRs. Both scenarios of perfect and imperfect channel state information at the transmitter are studied. Using semidefinite relaxation techniques, we show that there always exists a rank-one optimal solution for the IR, i.e., transmit beamforming is optimal for the IR.
This paper considers simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter sends a secret message to a single-antenna information receiver (IR) and power to multiple single-antenna energy receivers (ERs) in presence of external eavesdroppers. We aim to maximize the harvested energy by the ERs while maintaining the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) threshold at the IR and keeping the message secure from possible eavesdropping by the malicious attackers by interfering their reception. Both scenarios of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter are studied. Using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques, we show that a rank-one optimal beamforming solution can always be constructed for the IR.
In this paper, we study an energy harvesting scheme for a multiple-input-single-output secrecy channel under imperfect channel state information case with either deterministic and statistical channel uncertainties. The system consists of one multi-antenna transmitter, several multi-antenna energy receivers (ERs) and one single-antenna co-located receiver (CR) who adopts a power splitter to decode information and harvest power simultaneously. We consider the artificial noise (AN) embedded information-bearing signal to interfere potential eavesdroppers (i.e., ERs) and capture the harvested power. We perform joint optimization for the masked beamforming matrix, the AN covariance matrix and the power splitting ratio, such that the transmit power is minimized to satisfy the target secrecy rate of the CR, the total transmit power and the energy harvesting constraints for the CR and the ERs. By incorporating norm-bounded channel uncertainty model, we propose a robust joint design method to obtain the optimal solution. Also, a suboptimal algorithm for the outage constrained robust optimization problem is proposed by adopting the Bernstein-type inequality. Furthermore, the tightness of the relaxation for the proposed schemes are verified by showing that the optimal solution of the relaxed problem is rank-one. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the performance of our proposed schemes.
Consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming system, where a multi-antenna base station transmits information and energy simultaneously to a multi-antenna information receiver (IR) and a number of multi-antenna energy receivers (ERs). The ERs are assumed to possess dual functionality such that they can also decode information. This gives rise to the physical layer security issue of providing confidential information to the IR while ensuring efficient energy harvesting for the ERs. Hence, we employ an artificial noise (AN)-aided secrecy approach at the transmitter, where the AN improves the security by interfering with the information decoding at the ERs while, at the same time, providing them with wireless energy to harvest. In this paper, we address the problem of jointly optimizing the beamforming matrix for the IR and the covariance matrix of the AN such that the secrecy rate is maximized subject to energy harvesting constraints and a total power constraint. The corresponding optimization problem is a difference of convex functions (DC) programming problem, which is generally non-convex. Nevertheless, we propose an alternating optimization (AO) strategy to tackle this problem for the cases of a square and a non-square IR channel. The performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated by simulation results.
This paper studies the secure transmission issue for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a multiuser system with multiple eavesdroppers, where the base station transmitter broadcasts confidential message to legitimate multiple single-antenna information receivers (IRs) and multiple single-antenna energy-harvesting receivers (ERs). Our objective is to optimize the information bearing beam and artificial energy-carrying noise beam in order to maximize the secrecy rate of the IRs subject to individual harvested energy constraints of the ERs for the case where the ERs can form eavesdropping party to carry out joint decoding in an attempt to illicitly decode the secret message intended for the IRs. The initial non-convex problem is converted to convex problem through semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation for both perfect CSI and imperfect CSI. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance.
In this paper, we study a multiuser wireless powered communication system, where an energy-constrained full-duplex information transmitter (IT), powered by wireless energy from a dedicated energy transmitter (ET), intends to send confidential information to the information receiver (IR) in the presence of multiple idle users that could be the potential eavesdroppers. In the practical scenario of imperfect channel state information and assuming that the idle users need to harvest energy from the ET, we aim to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate at the IR by jointly optimizing the transmit covariance matrix at the ET as well as the information beamforming and artificial noise covariance at the IT, subject to their individual transmit power constraints and the minimum required power transferred to the idle users. We employ the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and extended S-procedure approaches to transform the original nonconvex optimization problem into convex problem, which can be efficiently solved by solving a sequence of semidefinite programs. Furthermore, we show that the SDR is tight since there always exists a rank-one optimal solution. For performance comparison, two heuristic schemes for ease of implementation are also developed. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.