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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Reformulating classical and quantum mechanics in terms of a unified set of consistency conditions

Robert F. Bordley

Published Sep 1, 1983• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02114663

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The paper addresses Leon Henkin's proposition as a "lighthouse", which can elucidate a vast territory of knowledge uniformly: logic, set theory, information theory, and quantum mechanics: Two strategies to infinity are equally relevant for it is as universal and thus complete as open and thus incomplete. Henkin's, Godel's, Robert Jeroslow's, and Hartley Rogers' proposition are reformulated so that both completeness and incompleteness to be unified and thus reduced as a joint property of infinity and of all infinite sets. However, only Henkin's proposition equivalent to an internal position to infinity is consistent . This can be retraced back to set theory and its axioms, where tha t of choice is a key. Quantum mechanics is forced to introduce infinity implicitly by Hilbert space, on which is founded its formalism. One can demonstrate that some essential properties of quantum information, entanglement, and quantum computer originate directly from infinity once it is involved in quantum mechanics. Thus, these phenomena can be elucidated as both complete and incomplete, after which choice is the border between them. A special kind of invariance to the axiom of choice shared by quantum mechanics is discussed to be involved that border between the completeness and incompleteness of infinity in a consistent way. The so-called paradox of Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen is interpreted entirely in the same terms only of set theory. Quantum computer can demonstrate especially clearly the privilege of the internal position, or "observer'' , or "user" to infinity implied by Henkin's proposition as the only consist ent ones as to infinity. An essential area of contemporary knowledge may be synthesized from a single viewpoint.
A unified characterization of continuous-variable quantum states is presented that gives general insight in their nonclassical features and, in particular, in their entanglement properties. Nonclassicality is characterized in terms of observable characteristic functions. Equivalently, the nonclassicality conditions are reformulated in terms of moments. The latter approach turns out to be a powerful tool for deriving a complete set of entanglement conditions for bipartite quantum systems, which are fully equivalent to the nonpositivity of the partially transposed density operator. The possibilities of observing the needed moments by balanced homodyne correlation measurements are analyzed.
This paper provides an epistemic reformulation of quantum mechanics (QM) in terms of inference consistency requirements of objective Bayesianism, which include the principle of maximum entropy under physical constraints. Physical laws themselves are understood in terms of inference and physical consistency requirements. Strong complementarity - that different observers may "live" in separate Hilbert spaces - follows as a consequence, which resolves the firewall paradox. Other clues pointing to this reformulation are analyzed. The reformulation, with the addition of novel transition probability arithmetic, resolves the measurement problem completely, thereby eliminating charge of subjectivity of measurements from quantum mechanics. An illusion of collapse comes from Bayesian updates by observer's continuous outcome data. Spacetime is to be understood in epistemic sense, instead of existing independently of an observer, following spirits of black hole complementarity. Dark matter and dark energy pop up directly as entropic tug-of-war in the reformulation.