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AIP conference proceedings

Exact results for the solvation force in 2D Ising stripes

Marek Napiórkowski, Piotr Nowakowski, Yurij V. Holovatch, Bertrand Berche, N. N. Bogolyubov, R. Folk

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The solvation force for two‐dimensional Ising stripes in the presence of boundary fields is calculated via exact diagonalization of the transfer matrix in two cases: the symmetric case corresponds to identical boundary fields and the antisymmetric case to exactly opposite boundary fields. In the symmetric case the solvation force is always negative (attractive), while in the antisymmetric case it is positive (repulsive) at high temperatures and negative at low temperatures. It changes sign close to the critical wetting temperature characterizing the semi‐infinite system. The properties of the solvation force are discussed, and the scaling function describing its dependence on temperature, boundary field, and stripe’s width is proposed.

DOI
10.1063/1.3284406

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The solvation force for two‐dimensional Ising stripes in the presence of boundary fields is calculated via exact diagonalization of the transfer matrix in two cases: the symmetric case corresponds to identical boundary fields and the antisymmetric case to exactly opposite boundary fields. In the symmetric case the solvation force is always negative (attractive), while in the antisymmetric case it is positive (repulsive) at high temperatures and negative at low temperatures. It changes sign close to the critical wetting temperature characterizing the semi‐infinite system. The properties of the solvation force are discussed, and the scaling function describing its dependence on temperature, boundary field, and stripe’s width is proposed.
We consider d=2 Ising strip with surface fields acting on boundary spins. Using the properties of the transfer matrix spectrum we identify two pseudotransition temperatures and show that they satisfy similar scaling relations as expected for real transition temperatures in strips with d>2. The solvation force between the boundaries of the strip is analysed as a function of temperature, surface fields and the width of the strip. For large widths the solvation force can be described by scaling functions in three different regimes: in the vicinity of the critical wetting temperature of 2D semi-infinite system, in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature, and in the regime of weak surface fields where the critical wetting temperature tends towards the bulk critical temperature. The properties of the relevant scaling functions are discussed.
Using the quasi-exact density-matrix renormalization-group method we calculate the solvation forces in two-dimensional Ising films of thickness L subject to identical algebraically decaying boundary fields with various decay exponents p. At the bulk critical point the solvation force acquires a universal contribution which is long-ranged in L due to the critical fluctuations, a phenomenon known as the critical Casimir effect. For p = 2, 3 and 50, we study the scaling behaviour of the solvation force along the pseudo-phase coexistence and along the critical and sub-critical isotherms.
Two-dimensional Ising strips subject to identical surface fields h(1)=h(2) > or =0 are studied for temperatures above and below the bulk critical temperature T(c) and a range of bulk fields h by means of the density-matrix renormalization-group method. In the case of nonvanishing surface fields, the near-critical behavior of the solvation force f(solv), total adsorption Gamma, inverse longitudinal correlation length xi(parallel)( -1) and specific heat C(H) is strongly influenced by the (pseudo) capillary condensation that occurs below T(c). We obtain scaling functions of f(solv), Gamma, and xi(parallel)(-1). C(H) exhibits a weakly rounded singularity on crossing the pseudocoexistence line. We contrast these results with those for the case of free boundaries where, for temperatures slightly below T(c), f(solv) and C(H) exhibit a sharp extremum away from h=0. Our results have direct repercussions for the properties of near-critical Ising films in three dimensions and we argue that the long-ranged solvation (Casimir) force in confined fluids should be more attractive in the neighborhood of the capillary critical point than exactly at the bulk critical point.
We investigate two dimensional critical Ising films of width L with surface fields H(1)=H(L) in the crossover between ordinary (H(1)=0) and normal (H(1)=infinity) transitions. Using exact transfer-matrix diagonalization and density matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) methods, we calculate magnetization profiles m(z), the excess magnetization Gamma, and the analog of the solvation force f(solv) as functions of H1 for several L. Scaling functions of the above quantities deviate substantially from their asymptotic forms at fixed points for a broad region of the scaling variable LH21 approximately L/l(1), where l(1) is the length induced by the surface field H1. The scaling function for /f(solv)/ has a deep minimum near LH(2)(1)=1, which is about one order of magnitude smaller than its value at both fixed points (the "Casimir" amplitude). For weak H1 (l(1)>L) the magnetization profile has a maximum at the center of the film, and f(solv) decays much faster than L-2. For stronger H1 (1<l(1)<L), the magnetization has two maxima at a distance approximately l(1) from the walls, and the solvation force decays much slower than L-2. For L>>l(1) the solvation force decays according to the universal power law f(solv) approximately L(-2). The results of the approximate DMRG method show remarkable agreement with the exact ones.
We investigate two-dimensional Ising films at the critical temperature T(c) and nonzero bulk magnetic field h using the density-matrix renormalization-group method. The crossover between ordinary (h(1)=0) and normal (h(1)=infinity) transitions corresponding to finite values of the surface fields h(1)=h(2), is studied. The structure and the solvation force f(solv) as a function of h, crucially depend on the value of h(1). Scaling functions for f(solv) and the longitudinal correlation length are given and discussed.
Effective Hamiltonian models predict nonuniversal critical singularities for two-dimensional wetting transitions with marginal long-ranged forces. We test these predictions by studying interfacial delocalization transitions in an infinitely long Ising strip, of width L (lattice spacings), with external fields that are long ranged and have opposite signs at each surface. Finite-size scaling suggests that the shift of the delocalization temperature T(c)(L) below the (semi-infinite) wetting temperature T(w) scales as L(-1/beta(s)) with beta(s) the adsorption critical exponent. Density-matrix renormalization-group methods allow us to study the behavior of T(c)(L) for L up to several hundred lattice spacings. For short-ranged forces the method recovers the universal value of beta(s)=1 known from the exact solution. While marginal long-ranged forces strongly influence the finite-size scaling of T(c)(L) , the extrapolated asymptotic value for the exponent beta(s) does not appear to confirm the predicted nonuniversality, but instead approaches the same universal value representative of systems with short-ranged forces.