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Physical Review A

Optical test of local hidden-variable theories with two-channel polarizers

M. Ardehali

Published May 1, 1994• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An inequality is deduced from local realism and a supplementary assumption. This inequality is violated by the predictions of quantum mechanics for experiments with low-efficiency detectors.Received 19 August 1993DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.49.R3143©1994 American Physical Society

DOI
10.1103/physreva.49.r3143

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An inequality is deduced from local realism and a supplementary assumption. This inequality is violated by the predictions of quantum mechanics for experiments with low-efficiency detectors.Received 19 August 1993DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.49.R3143©1994 American Physical Society
A local hidden-variable model is exhibited for the experiments by Aspect, Grangier, and Roger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 460 (1981); 49, 91 (1982)] and Aspect, Dalibard, and Roger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1804 (1982)] measuring polarization correlation of optical-photon pairs. The model agrees with quantum-mechanical predictions for all measurable quantities even with ideal polarizers and detectors, and emphasizes the need of a high degree of directional correlation, besides the correlation of spin (or polarization or other quantities), in any test of locality. It is proved that homogeneous inequalities, involving only coincidence detection rates, cannot discriminate between quantum mechanics and local theories, which invalidates all previously used empirical tests. The role of supplementary assumptions, like the so-called no enhancement, for the derivation of Bell's inequalities is discussed. Finally it is conjectured that quantum mechanics might be compatible with local realism, if we assume that not all self-adjoint operators represent observables and not all density operators represent states.