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Physical Review Letters

Scaling Form of the Spin-Spin Correlation Function of the Three-Dimensional Ising Ferromagnet above the Curie Temperature

Martin V. Ferer, M A Moore, Michael Wortis

Published Jun 23, 1969• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spin-spin correlation function for the $S=\frac{1}{2}$ Ising ferromagnet is evaluated in zero magnetic field and for $T>~{T}_{c}$ by the method of series expansions. Evidence is presented showing that the scaling of correlations is valid in the (weak) limit $r\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, $\ensuremath{\kappa}r$ fixed, but is not valid in the (strong) limit $\ensuremath{\kappa}a\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, $r\ensuremath{\gg}a$, with $\ensuremath{\kappa}r$ arbitrary.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.22.1382

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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics•Oct 14, 1977•0 citations
The spin-spin correlation function for the S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ Ising ferromagnet is evaluated in zero magnetic field and for T> TcT>~{T}_{c}T> Tc​ by the method of series expansions. Evidence is presented showing that the scaling of correlations is valid in the (weak) limit r\ensuremath→\ensuremath∞r\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}r\ensuremath→\ensuremath∞, \ensuremathκr\ensuremath{\kappa}r\ensuremathκr fixed, but is not valid in the (strong) limit \ensuremathκa\ensuremath→0\ensuremath{\kappa}a\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0\ensuremathκa\ensuremath→0, r\ensuremath≫ar\ensuremath{\gg}ar\ensuremath≫a, with \ensuremathκr\ensuremath{\kappa}r\ensuremathκr arbitrary.
High-temperature series expansions for the Ising model's spin-spin correlation function are found to order (JkT)12{(\frac{J}{\mathrm{kT}})}^{12}(kTJ​)12 on the simple cubic, bcc, and fcc latices. Analysis of moment series indicates that the scaling form of the correlation function is correct, at least in the limit $\ensuremath{\kappa}r$ fixed, $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Values are obtained for the correlation indices $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$-the latter by two methods, thereby providing a direct check on the scaling law.
High-temperature series for the inverse spin-spin correlation function of the s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ Ising ferromagnet are presented for the three cubic lattices. Series are tabulated to twelfth order in $K=\ensuremath{\beta}J$ in zero magnetic field and to eighth order in finite field. Direct series expansions for the true correlation length are derived. The critical correlations are analyzed for scaling behavior in both position and momentum space. The critical amplitudes which characterize the correlations both at Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ and in the Ornstein---Zernike region are determined. The Fisher---Burford scattering approximant is found to be consistent with the data. Finally, the consequences of the universality hypothesis are formulated for the correlations. Correlation-amplitude data for the three cubic lattices are shown to be in remarkable agreement with a formulation of universality which requires that the free energy in a region of diameter given by the coherence length be scale independent.
We have extended, from order 12 through order 25, the high-temperature series expansions (in zero magnetic field) for the spin-spin correlations of the spin-SSS Ising models on the square, simple-cubic and body-centered-cubic lattices. On the basis of this large set of data, we confirm accurately the validity of the scaling and universality hypotheses by resuming several tests which involve the correlation function, its moments and the exponential or the second-moment correlation lengths.
We compute exactly the spin-spin correlation functions $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0,0}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{M,N}〉$ for the two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice in zero magnetic field for T>TcT>{T}_{c}T>Tc​ and T<TcT<{T}_{c}T<Tc​. We then analyze the correlation functions in the scaling limit $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c},{M}^{2}+{N}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ such that $(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})$ is fixed. In this scaling limit $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0,0}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{M,N}〉={R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}}{F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)+{R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{4}}{F}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)+o({R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{4}})$, where ttt is the scaling variable $\frac{R}{\ensuremath{\xi}}$ and ${F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ and ${F}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ are the scaling functions ($\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length). We derive exact expressions for these scaling functions, in terms of a Painlev\'e function of the third kind and analyze both the small- and large-ttt behavior. A table of values for ${F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(t)$ (good to ten significant digits) is also given. As an application we computer the coefficients ${C}_{0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${C}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ in the expansion ${k}_{B}T\ensuremath{\chi}(T)={C}_{0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{|1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{7}{4}}+{C}_{1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{|1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{4}}+O(1)$ of the zero-field susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$.
A method is described for obtaining perturbation expansions of the pair correlation function about the ferromagnetically ordered state of the S=1/2 Ising model. The expansions take the form of a double power series in temperature and field variables and may be used in any region of the T-H plane of the ferromagnetic and in the disordered region of the antiferromagnet. Coefficients are calculated for the face-centred cubic lattice which allow the low-temperature expansions in zero field to be obtained through u31 and the high-field expansions along the critical isotherm to be obtained through mu 6. Agreement is obtained with existing high-temperature expansions.