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Optics Communications

Detection of excited atoms lying close to a solid surface by using the evanescent light and the optogalvanic effect

Takashi Fujimoto, Sachiko Ikeda

Published Aug 1, 1989• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(89)90186-7

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An optogalvanic detection scheme, in conjunction with a single-step pulsed laser excitation has been used to measure the energy of even parity Rydberg levels in krypton. The excitation scheme starts from the 5s(3/2)2 and 5s'(1/2)0 metastable states, which have been populated in a He-Kr discharge tube. Measured energies were compared to either calculated or previously measured values. Calculated energies were obtained with the Rydberg formula using quantum defects extrapolated from the known low-lying levels. Keywords include: Krypton, Rydberg atoms, Atomic spectra, Optogalvanic spectroscopy.

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Recent studies have involved electric quadrupole effects in atoms interacting with the evanescent mode. This type of surface mode is usually produced by the total internal reflection in a dielectric-vacuum atz=0, and its intensity distribution is very close to the outer surface z>0 half-space. Coating the planar surface of a dielectric substrate with multilayer dielectric thin film of different thicknesses provides an enhanced in such evanescent modes. This type of mode can be used purely as an atomic mirror. We show that the use of such elements for atomic optics gives significant enhancement of the evanescent mode magnitude without degrading the quality of the atomic reflection process. In addition, the decay depth of the evanescent mode can be conveniently controlled by design parameters. This property keeps the atom-light interaction timeτ, and thus the probability of decay emission, very low, which means a high degree of coherence property.

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Surface-plasmon-based dispersive detection and spectroscopy of ultracold atoms

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The paper reports on the optical detection and spectroscopy of ultracold atoms near a gold surface.A probe light field is used to excite surface plasmon polaritons.The refractive index of the atomic gas shifts the plasmon resonance and changes the reflected light power.Thus, the sensitivity of the detection is plasmonically enhanced.Absorption of photons from the evanescent wave is avoided by detuning the laser from atomic resonance which makes the detection scheme potentially nondestructive.The spectrum of the signal is determined by a Fano resonance.We show that atoms can be detected nondestructively with single atom resolution for typical parameters in cold atom experiments.Thus, the method is suitable for quantum nondemolition measurements of matter wave amplitudes.Experimentally, we measure a technically limited sensitivity of 30 atoms and extend the detection scheme to dispersively image the atom cloud near the surface.

arXiv:2009.03615•Physical Review Research•Jan 4, 2021•4 citations
An optogalvanic detection scheme, in conjunction with a single-step pulsed laser excitation has been used to measure the energy of even parity Rydberg levels in krypton. The excitation scheme starts from the 5s(3/2)2 and 5s'(1/2)0 metastable states, which have been populated in a He-Kr discharge tube. Measured energies were compared to either calculated or previously measured values. Calculated energies were obtained with the Rydberg formula using quantum defects extrapolated from the known low-lying levels. Keywords include: Krypton, Rydberg atoms, Atomic spectra, Optogalvanic spectroscopy.
Recent studies have involved electric quadrupole effects in atoms interacting with the evanescent mode. This type of surface mode is usually produced by the total internal reflection in a dielectric-vacuum atz=0, and its intensity distribution is very close to the outer surface z>0 half-space. Coating the planar surface of a dielectric substrate with multilayer dielectric thin film of different thicknesses provides an enhanced in such evanescent modes. This type of mode can be used purely as an atomic mirror. We show that the use of such elements for atomic optics gives significant enhancement of the evanescent mode magnitude without degrading the quality of the atomic reflection process. In addition, the decay depth of the evanescent mode can be conveniently controlled by design parameters. This property keeps the atom-light interaction timeτ, and thus the probability of decay emission, very low, which means a high degree of coherence property.
The paper reports on the optical detection and spectroscopy of ultracold atoms near a gold surface.A probe light field is used to excite surface plasmon polaritons.The refractive index of the atomic gas shifts the plasmon resonance and changes the reflected light power.Thus, the sensitivity of the detection is plasmonically enhanced.Absorption of photons from the evanescent wave is avoided by detuning the laser from atomic resonance which makes the detection scheme potentially nondestructive.The spectrum of the signal is determined by a Fano resonance.We show that atoms can be detected nondestructively with single atom resolution for typical parameters in cold atom experiments.Thus, the method is suitable for quantum nondemolition measurements of matter wave amplitudes.Experimentally, we measure a technically limited sensitivity of 30 atoms and extend the detection scheme to dispersively image the atom cloud near the surface.