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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Finite-Size Scaling for the Two-Dimensional Frustrated Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnet

Heinz J. Schulz, Timothy A. L. Ziman

Published Feb 21, 1992• 211 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using results for the 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 lattice, we produce the first finite-size scaling analysis of the frustrated Heisenberg model in two dimensions. The results indicate a continuous phase transition from the ordered phase into an intermediate phase without long-range magnetic order, as for the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear sigma-model. The intermediate phase is stable for 0.4 < J2/J1 < 0.65 and exhibits either dimerization or broken chiral symmetry. The transition to the collinear phase at J2/J1 0.65 is apparently of first order.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/18/4/013

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Using results for the 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 lattice, we produce the first finite-size scaling analysis of the frustrated Heisenberg model in two dimensions. The results indicate a continuous phase transition from the ordered phase into an intermediate phase without long-range magnetic order, as for the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear sigma-model. The intermediate phase is stable for 0.4 < J2/J1 < 0.65 and exhibits either dimerization or broken chiral symmetry. The transition to the collinear phase at J2/J1 0.65 is apparently of first order.
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We study the ground-state (GS) properties of the frustrated spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ J1{J}_{1}J1​--J2{J}_{2}J2​--J3{J}_{3}J3​ Heisenberg model on the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor (${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) exchange and frustrating antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor (J2>0{J}_{2}>0J2​>0) and next-next-nearest-neighbor (J3>0{J}_{3}>0J3​>0) exchanges, for the case J3=J2{J}_{3}={J}_{2}J3​=J2​. We use the coupled-cluster method implemented to high orders of approximation, complemented by the Lanczos exact diagonalization of a large finite lattice with 32 sites, in order to calculate the GS energy, magnetic order parameter, and spin-spin correlation functions. In one scenario we find a quantum phase transition point between regions characterized by ferromagnetic order and a form of antiferromagnetic (``striped'') collinear order at ${J}_{2}^{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.1095\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$, which is below the corresponding hypothetical transition point at J2cl=17{J}_{2}^{\mathrm{cl}}=\frac{1}{7}J2cl​=71​ ($\ensuremath{\approx}0.143$) for the classical version of the model, in which we momentarily ignore the intervening noncollinear spiral phase in the region 110<J2<15\frac{1}{10}<{J}_{2}<\frac{1}{5}101​<J2​<51​. Hence we see that quantum fluctuations appear to stabilize somewhat the collinear antiferromagnetic order in preference to the ferromagnetic order in this model. We compare results for the present ferromagnetic case (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) to previous results for the corresponding antiferromagnetic case (with J1=+1{J}_{1}=+1J1​=+1). The magnetic order parameter is found to behave similarly for the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic models for large values of the frustration parameter J2{J}_{2}J2​. However, there are considerable differences in the behavior of the order parameters for the two models for ${J}_{2}/|{J}_{1}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.6$. For example, the quasiclassical collinear magnetic long-range order for the antiferromagnetic model (with J1=+1{J}_{1}=+1J1​=+1) breaks down at ${J}_{2}^{{c}_{2}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.60$, whereas the ``equivalent'' point for the ferromagnetic model (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) occurs at ${J}_{2}^{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.11$. Unlike in the antiferromagnetic model (with J1=+1{J}_{1}=+1J1​=+1), where a plaquette valence-bond crystal phase intrudes between the two corresponding quasiclassical antiferromagnetic phases (with N\'eel and striped order) for J2c1<J2<J2c2{J}_{2}^{{c}_{1}}<{J}_{2}<{J}_{2}^{{c}_{2}}J2c1​​<J2​<J2c2​​, with ${J}_{2}^{{c}_{1}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.47$, we find no clear indications at all in the ferromagnetic model for an intermediate magnetically disordered phase between the corresponding phases exhibiting ferromagnetic and striped order. Instead the evidence for the ferromagnetic model (with ${J}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}1$) points to one of two scenarios: either there is a direct first-order transition between the two magnetically ordered phases, as mentioned above; or there exists an intervening phase between them in the very narrow range $0.10\ensuremath{\lesssim}{J}_{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.12$, which is probably a remnant of the spiral phase that exists in the classical counterpart of the model over the larger range 110<J2<15\frac{1}{10}<{J}_{2}<\frac{1}{5}101​<J2​<51​.
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We study the ground-state properties of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 ${J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model on a square lattice, within diagrammatic approximations using an auxiliary-fermion formulation with exact projection. In a first approximation, we assume a phenomenological width of the pseudofermion spectral function to calculate the magnetization, susceptibilities, and the spin-correlation length within random-phase approximation, demonstrating the appearance of a paramagnetic phase between the N\'eel-ordered and Collinear-ordered phases, at sufficiently large pseudofermion damping. Second we use a functional renormalization-group formulation. We find that the conventional truncation scheme omitting three-particle and higher-order vertices is not sufficient. We therefore include self-energy renormalizations in the single-scale propagator as recently proposed by Katanin, to preserve Ward identities in a better way. We find N\'eel order at $g={J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{g}_{\text{c}1}\ensuremath{\approx}0.4\dots{}0.45$ and Collinear order at $g\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{g}_{\text{c}2}\ensuremath{\approx}0.66\dots{}0.68$, which is in good agreement with results obtained by numerical studies. In the intervening quantum paramagnetic phase, we find enhanced columnar dimer and plaquette fluctuations of equal strength.
The T=0 dynamics of the two-dimensional s=1/2 Heisenberg model with competing nearest-neighbor (J1) and next-nearest-neighbor (J2) interactions is explored via the recursion method, specifically the frequency-dependent fluctuations of the order parameters associated with some of the known or suspected ordering tendencies in this system, i.e., Néel, collinear, dimer, and chiral order. The results for the dynamic structure factors of the respective fluctuation operators show a strong indication of collinear order at J2/J1≳0.6 and a potential for dimer order at 0.5≲J2/J1≲0.6, whereas the chiral ordering tendency is observed to be considerably weaker.