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Bi-directional Multiplexing of Heralded Single Photon Sources from a Single Silicon Photonic Chip

Chi Xiong, Trung D. Vo, Matthew J. Collins, Alex S. Clark, Jun Li, Michael J. Steel, Thomas F. Krauss, Benjamin J. Eggleton

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate spatial multiplexing of two heralded single photon sources created by bi-directionally pumping a single 96 μm photonic crystal waveguide. This enhances the source brightness by 51.2±4.0% whilst maintaining the coincidence to accidental ratio.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2014.fth3a.7

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We demonstrate integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single photons generated from a single 96 μm long silicon photonic crystal waveguide in a bidirectional pump configuration. By using a low-loss fiber-coupled opto-ceramic switch, the multiplexing technique enhances the brightness of the single photon source by 51.2±4.0% while maintaining the coincidence-to-accidental ratio. Compared with the demonstration of multiplexing two individual sources, the bidirectional pump scheme represents a twofold reduction in the footprint of nonlinear devices for future large-scale integration of on-chip single photon sources. The 51.2±4.0% gain will make any quantum operation requiring n photons 1.5(n) times faster.
The non-deterministic nature of photon sources is a key limitation for single-photon quantum processors. Spatial multiplexing overcomes this by enhancing the heralded single-photon yield without enhancing the output noise. Here the intrinsic statistical limit of an individual source is surpassed by spatially multiplexing two monolithic silicon-based correlated photon pair sources in the telecommunications band, demonstrating a 62.4% increase in the heralded single-photon output without an increase in unwanted multipair generation. We further demonstrate the scalability of this scheme by multiplexing photons generated in two waveguides pumped via an integrated coupler with a 63.1% increase in the heralded photon rate. This demonstration paves the way for a scalable architecture for multiplexing many photon sources in a compact integrated platform and achieving efficient two-photon interference, required at the core of optical quantum computing and quantum communication protocols. Photonic quantum technologies will require efficient single-photon sources and spatial multiplexing has been explored as a route to achieve this. Here, the authors present a scheme to integrate several single-photon sources using spatial multiplexing for on-chip applications at telecommunications wavelengths.
Silicon-based integrated spiral waveguides are extensively used as on-chip single-photon sources. However, inherent uncertainties and limitations in single-photon fidelity pose significant theoretical performance bottlenecks. These challenges often necessitate the multiplexing of multiple sources. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for spatial multiplexing using bidirectional spirals. By pumping a spiral waveguide bidirectionally, photon pairs are generated in both clockwise (cw) and counterclockwise (ccw) directions, each producing signal-idler photon pairs in a two-mode squeezed state. Consequently, a single spiral waveguide can function as two spatially multiplexed sources. Using CMOS fabrication technology, we constructed a bidirectional spiral waveguide structure. We measured the coincidence count rates, heralded second-order correlation function, and coincidence to accidental ratio (CAR) as functions of pump power, both before and after multiplexing. Our experimental results demonstrated a 1.67-fold increase in performance post-multiplexing. This finding underscores the potential of bidirectional spirals as spatially multiplexed sources, paving the way for the largescale integration of future photonic quantum chips.
On-chip heralded single photon sources are of key importance in the development of chip-scale devices exploiting the quantum properties of light. Single photon states can be produced as single photons heralded from correlated photon pairs generated through spontaneous four wave mixing. On-chip heralded single photon sources based on spontaneous four wave mixing have been already demonstrated. However, the heralded and herald photons are usually generated with wavelengths very close to the pump one, limiting the pump rejection efficiency and the application to the mid infrared. Moreover, the common sources of heralded photons based on spontaneous four wave mixing require spectral post filtering to achieve high purity, limiting the brightness and the integration of these sources. A solution to these problems can be provided by intermodal four wave mixing. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of photon pairs through intermodal four wave mixing in silicon waveguides, measuring the coincidences between the idler at 1.281 μm and the signal at 1.952 μm. We then discuss the application of intermodal four wave mixing to on-chip heralded single photon sources.