Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review Letters

Superfluid-Vortex Thresholds and the Vortex-Core Parameter near Tλ

I. H. Lynall, D. Scott Shenk, R. J. Miller, James B. Mehl

Published Aug 22, 1977• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Superfluid-vortex thresholds in a rotating annulus were detected with second sound in the temperature range $0.01 \mathrm{K}<{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T<0.2 \mathrm{K}$. A rapid decrease of the threshold angular velocity ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c1}$ was observed as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. The data can only be fitted to the theory of Fetter if a rapidly diverging vortex-core parameter is assumed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.39.470

Related papers

Spatial Distribution of Superfluid Vortices

D. Scott Shenk, James B. Mehl

We report accurate measurements of the increase, due to rotation, of the attenuation of second sound in an annulus. The measurements can be explained in detail by a vortex-free-region model in close agreement with theory, assuming a vortex-core parameter of 10 \AA{} at 1.65 K. The range of agreement extends from the vorticity threshold to relatively high angular velocities.

Physical Review Letters•Dec 20, 1971•13 citations

Vortex Phases of Rotating Superfluids

M. Correggi, F. Pinsker, Nicolas Rougerie +1 more

We report on the first mathematically rigorous proofs of a transition to a giant vortex state of a superfluid in rotating anharmonic traps. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and large rotational velocity and is based on precise asymptotic estimates on the ground state energy. An interesting aspect is a significant difference between 'soft' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary. In the former case vortices persist in the bulk until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the size of the vortex cores. In the second case the transition already takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus. Moreover, the density profiles in the annulus are different in the two cases. In both cases rotational symmetry of the density in a true ground state is broken, even though a symmetric variational ansatz gives an excellent approximation to the energy.

•Aug 16, 2016•4 citations

Vortex Phases of Rotating Superfluids

Michele Correggi, Florian Pinsker, Nicolas Rougerie +1 more

We report on the first mathematically rigorous proofs of a transition to a giant vortex state of a superfluid in rotating anharmonic traps. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and large rotational velocity and is based on precise asymptotic estimates on the ground state energy. An interesting aspect is a significant difference between 'soft' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary. In the former case vortices persist in the bulk until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the size of the vortex cores. In the second case the transition already takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus. Moreover, the density profiles in the annulus are different in the two cases. In both cases rotational symmetry of the density in a true ground state is broken, even though a symmetric variational ansatz gives an excellent approximation to the energy.

arXiv:1212.3680•Journal of Physics Conference Series•Feb 8, 2013•7 citations

Rotating superfluids in anharmonic traps: From vortex lattices to giant vortices

Michele Correggi, Florian Pinsker, Nicolas Rougerie +1 more

We study a superfluid in a rotating anharmonic trap and explicate a rigorous proof of a transition from a vortex lattice to a giant vortex state as the rotation is increased beyond a limiting speed determined by the interaction strength. The transition is characterized by the disappearance of the vortices from the annulus where the bulk of the superfluid is concentrated due to centrifugal forces while a macroscopic phase circulation remains. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and reveals significant differences between ``soft'' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary: in the latter case the transition takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus, whereas in soft traps the vortex lattice persists until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the vortex cores. Moreover, the density profile in the annulus where the bulk is concentrated is, in the soft case, approximately Gaussian with long tails and not of the Thomas-Fermi type like in a trap with a fixed boundary.

arXiv:1107.5160•Physical Review A•Nov 14, 2011•41 citations

Critical Velocity of Vortex Nucleation in Rotating Superfluid 3 He- A

V. M. H. Ruutu, Juha Kopu, M. Krusius +4 more

We have measured the critical velocity ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ at which ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}$ in a rotating cylinder becomes unstable against the formation of quantized vortex lines with continuous (singularity-free) core structure. We find that ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ is distributed between a maximum and a minimum limit, which we ascribe to a dependence on the texture of the orbital angular momentun axis $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}(\mathbf{r})$ in the cylinder. Slow cooldown through ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ in rotation yields $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}(\mathbf{r})$ textures for which the measured ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$'s are in good agreement with the calculated instability of the expected $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}$ texture.

arXiv:cond-mat/9708226•Physical Review Letters•Dec 22, 1997•99 citations

Scattering of first sound by superfluid vortices

Caroline Nore, Marc Brächet, E. Cerda +1 more

The simplest interaction between sound and quantized superfluid vortices is investigated both analytically in the Born approximation and numerically, using the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Compared with the scattering by a classical vortex, the quantum result reflects the structure of the vortex core and has an extra phase shift. The order of magnitude of the effects suggests possible experiments in rotating superfluid helium.

Physical Review Letters•Apr 18, 1994•26 citations
Superfluid-vortex thresholds in a rotating annulus were detected with second sound in the temperature range 0.01K<T\ensuremathλ\ensuremath−T<0.2K0.01 \mathrm{K}<{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T<0.2 \mathrm{K}0.01K<T\ensuremathλ​\ensuremath−T<0.2K. A rapid decrease of the threshold angular velocity \ensuremathωc1{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c1}\ensuremathωc1​ was observed as T\ensuremath→T\ensuremathλT\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}T\ensuremath→T\ensuremathλ​. The data can only be fitted to the theory of Fetter if a rapidly diverging vortex-core parameter is assumed.
We report on the first mathematically rigorous proofs of a transition to a giant vortex state of a superfluid in rotating anharmonic traps. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and large rotational velocity and is based on precise asymptotic estimates on the ground state energy. An interesting aspect is a significant difference between 'soft' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary. In the former case vortices persist in the bulk until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the size of the vortex cores. In the second case the transition already takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus. Moreover, the density profiles in the annulus are different in the two cases. In both cases rotational symmetry of the density in a true ground state is broken, even though a symmetric variational ansatz gives an excellent approximation to the energy.
We report on the first mathematically rigorous proofs of a transition to a giant vortex state of a superfluid in rotating anharmonic traps. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and large rotational velocity and is based on precise asymptotic estimates on the ground state energy. An interesting aspect is a significant difference between 'soft' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary. In the former case vortices persist in the bulk until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the size of the vortex cores. In the second case the transition already takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus. Moreover, the density profiles in the annulus are different in the two cases. In both cases rotational symmetry of the density in a true ground state is broken, even though a symmetric variational ansatz gives an excellent approximation to the energy.
We study a superfluid in a rotating anharmonic trap and explicate a rigorous proof of a transition from a vortex lattice to a giant vortex state as the rotation is increased beyond a limiting speed determined by the interaction strength. The transition is characterized by the disappearance of the vortices from the annulus where the bulk of the superfluid is concentrated due to centrifugal forces while a macroscopic phase circulation remains. The analysis is carried out within two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory at large coupling constant and reveals significant differences between ``soft'' anharmonic traps (like a quartic plus quadratic trapping potential) and traps with a fixed boundary: in the latter case the transition takes place in a parameter regime where the size of vortices is very small relative to the width of the annulus, whereas in soft traps the vortex lattice persists until the width of the annulus becomes comparable to the vortex cores. Moreover, the density profile in the annulus where the bulk is concentrated is, in the soft case, approximately Gaussian with long tails and not of the Thomas-Fermi type like in a trap with a fixed boundary.
We have measured the critical velocity ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ at which ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}$ in a rotating cylinder becomes unstable against the formation of quantized vortex lines with continuous (singularity-free) core structure. We find that ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ is distributed between a maximum and a minimum limit, which we ascribe to a dependence on the texture of the orbital angular momentun axis $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}(\mathbf{r})$ in the cylinder. Slow cooldown through Tc{T}_{\mathrm{c}}Tc​ in rotation yields $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}(\mathbf{r})$ textures for which the measured ${\ensuremath{\upsilon}}_{\mathrm{c}}$'s are in good agreement with the calculated instability of the expected $\stackrel{^}{\mathbf{l}}$ texture.