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Journal of the Optical Society of America

Measurement of Lifetimes of Excited States of Na, Tl, In, Ga, Cu, Ag, Pb, and Bi by the Phase-Shift Method

Paul T. Cunningham, John K. Link

Published Aug 1, 1967• 87 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lifetimes of 13 upper states of optical-resonance transitions in selected metal atoms have been measured using the phase-shift method. Data were taken over a range of at least 12 of fluorescence intensity, to take into account the effects of radiation entrapment and exciting light scattering. The following results were obtained: Na 3p2P0 16.2 nsec, Tl 7s ²S12 7.65 nsec, Tl 6d²D32 6.9 nsec, In 6s ²S12 7.5 nsec, In 5d ²D32 7.9 nsec, In 5d ²D52 7.9 nsec, Ga 5s ²S12 7.6 nsec, Ga 4d2D 7.7 nsec, Cu 4p2P0 7.2 nsec, Ag 5p ²P120 6.7 nsec, Ag 5p ²P120 7.5 nsec, Pb 7s3P10 6.05 nsec, and Bi 7s ⁴P12 5.9 nsec. Estimated absolute accuracies vary between 3 and 7%.

DOI
10.1364/josa.57.001000

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Direct measurements of Ba+ excited-state lifetimes

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Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence measurements of transition frequencies and lifetimes of laser-excited Na atoms are presented as a function of distance (2-3nm) to metal surfaces of different roughness. We characterized the surface roughness by fitting a Gaussian height-height correlation function to force microscopic data. An unusually small red shift of the Na transition frequency of a few hundred megahertz was observed. In the framework of a quantum-mechanical linear optical response formalism we fitted the lifetime and the frequency shift data simultaneously to obtain effective parameters of a selvedge dielectric function. In that way we are able to take into account both surface roughness and nonlocality, which in turn result in the observed small frequency shifts.

Optics Letters•Aug 15, 1997•8 citations
Lifetimes of 13 upper states of optical-resonance transitions in selected metal atoms have been measured using the phase-shift method. Data were taken over a range of at least 12 of fluorescence intensity, to take into account the effects of radiation entrapment and exciting light scattering. The following results were obtained: Na 3p2P0 16.2 nsec, Tl 7s ²S12 7.65 nsec, Tl 6d²D32 6.9 nsec, In 6s ²S12 7.5 nsec, In 5d ²D32 7.9 nsec, In 5d ²D52 7.9 nsec, Ga 5s ²S12 7.6 nsec, Ga 4d2D 7.7 nsec, Cu 4p2P0 7.2 nsec, Ag 5p ²P120 6.7 nsec, Ag 5p ²P120 7.5 nsec, Pb 7s3P10 6.05 nsec, and Bi 7s ⁴P12 5.9 nsec. Estimated absolute accuracies vary between 3 and 7%.
The lifetimes of a large number of excited states in the Group II and Group III atoms have been measured.Among these states are the 5s5p3Pj metastable state of Sr and the lowest 3Sj state of Mg, Ca, and Sr.Also measured were the lifetimes of the lowest 2Sa states of Al, Ga, In and Tl, and "2 the lifetimes of several andXD2 states of Ca.The ex cited states were populated by one-and two-step dye laser excitation, and the lifetimes determined by direct observa tion of the subsequent resonance or branching fluorescence.The results obtained for states in the triplet series of the Group II atoms are: t {Sr 3P ) =(21.0 ± 1.0)ysec, r{Mg 3Sl) = (9.7 ± 0.5) nsec, t(Ca 3S 1)= ( 11.7 ± 0.6) nsec,x(Sr 3Sj ) = (12.9± 0.7) nsec.ix CHAPTER X
The lifetimes of the 7s2S127s^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}7s2S21​​, 6d2D526d^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}6d2D25​​, and 6d2D326d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}6d2D23​​ states of singly ionized Ba have been measured. The lifetime of each state was determined by direct observation of the decay of the fluorescence emitted from the excited state, following selective excitation by two-step, dye-laser excitation. The values obtained for the lifetimes were $\ensuremath{\tau}(7s^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.56$ nsec, $\ensuremath{\tau}(6d^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=5.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.34$ nsec, and $\ensuremath{\tau}(6d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33$ nsec.
Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence measurements of transition frequencies and lifetimes of laser-excited Na atoms are presented as a function of distance (2-3nm) to metal surfaces of different roughness. We characterized the surface roughness by fitting a Gaussian height-height correlation function to force microscopic data. An unusually small red shift of the Na transition frequency of a few hundred megahertz was observed. In the framework of a quantum-mechanical linear optical response formalism we fitted the lifetime and the frequency shift data simultaneously to obtain effective parameters of a selvedge dielectric function. In that way we are able to take into account both surface roughness and nonlocality, which in turn result in the observed small frequency shifts.