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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

An X-ray microcalorimeter with kinetic inductance thermometer and dc SQUID read-out

David P. Osterman, R. Patt, Michael D. Audley, Richard L. Kelley

Published Nov 1, 1993• 7 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00693428

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Superconducting microcalorimeter arrays with hundreds to thousands of pixels are enabling new measurements and capabilities in exotic atom spectroscopy, x-ray astronomy, nuclear materials analysis, and many other fields. We consider the prospects of multiplexing microcalorimeters with the kinetic inductance current sensor (KICS), an alternative to the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) historically used to read out cryogenic microcalorimeters. We show that the amplifier limited noise of the KICS is determined by its dynamic range, which is a free design parameter and tuneable with a DC current bias. We predict that KICS can meet the requirements to read out prototype metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) pixels designed for the Lynx x-ray satellite mission concept with the use of low-latency tone tracking. We propose a KICS design that has both high coupling efficiency and high isolation between the RF and DC components of the circuit. We argue that the KICS provides engineering trade-offs that are better suited to the readout of microcalorimeters when compared to the analogous microwave SQUID multiplexer.
We present a model of the response of superconducting AC bolometers to signal and noise using parameters and matrix formalism that were previously adopted in modeling DC bolometers and microcalorimeters. The model was developed to investigate novel AC bolometer designs, which have properties not described by previous models. It is applicable to kinetic inductance devices, kinetic inductance thermometers, AC transition edge sensors, and other technologies based on AC read out and frequency mixing. The AC bolometer model includes the temperature and current dependence of both resistive and inductive bolometers and microcalorimeters. The bolometers may be thermal or athermal. The model compactly describes the complex relationships between electrical and thermal signals and it simplifies the associated calculations. This model is useful for characterizing bolometers, predicting the effects of various noise sources on performance and designing new detectors. Additionally, a measurement technique is developed for characterizing these devices.