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Optics Letters

All-optical tunable pulse frequency chirp via slow light

Gil Fanjoux, Thibaut Sylvestre

Published Dec 7, 2009• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate slow light via stimulated Raman scattering, paying special attention to the picosecond regime where chromatic dispersion and cross-phase modulation must be considered. In addition to the control of the Raman pulse walk-off, we demonstrate that the cross-phase-modulation-induced frequency chirp can also be all-optically tuned via Raman slow light. We further demonstrate that this new implication is a consequence of the fact that the group velocity is significantly more affected than the phase velocity in slow-light media.

DOI
10.1364/ol.34.003824

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We theoretically investigate slow light via stimulated Raman scattering, paying special attention to the picosecond regime where chromatic dispersion and cross-phase modulation must be considered. In addition to the control of the Raman pulse walk-off, we demonstrate that the cross-phase-modulation-induced frequency chirp can also be all-optically tuned via Raman slow light. We further demonstrate that this new implication is a consequence of the fact that the group velocity is significantly more affected than the phase velocity in slow-light media.
Slow and fast light (SFL) in nonlinear media has attracted considerable interest for several years and has been observed in plenty of configurations. It generally requires a sharp spectral resonance which in turn results in a strong change of the group velocity at the resonance, thus leading to optical delaying or advancement. SFL has also been observed in optical fibres by taking advantage of the parametric gain, stimulated Brillouin or Raman scattering, leading to the development of all-optical tunable fiber-based delay lines at telecommunication wavelengths. But the implications of SFL go well beyond pulse delaying or advancement. As the group and phase velocities have to be distinguished one from another in a slow-light medium, this can have other important implications, in particular on the pulse walk-off or on the frequency chirp. We recently demonstrated in a Raman medium with normal dispersion that pulse walk-off between the pump and the signal can be cancelled out despite the large frequency detuning, leading to an increasing interaction length and enhancement Raman conversion efficiency.
Slow light is light that travels at unusual, extreme group velocities—sometimes as slow as walking speed or slower. Light waves can be described by many velocities, but for a narrow-band pulse of light (a carrier frequency modulated by an envelope), the group velocity is the speed of the pulse envelope. The term slow light also encompasses other exotic group velocities due to similar techniques, including fast light, stopped light, and backwards light. The science of slow light has been established over the past several years, and research attention is now turning to potential applications of slow light. One application of slow light is as an all-optical true-time delay. Two slow light methods in optical fibers, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and dispersive delay, are used to provide a controllable pulse delay in a prototype slow-light phased-array laser radar, called SLIDAR. These slow light methods compensate the group delay mismatch of pulses of 6 ns duration while the phased array is steered in two dimensions. A phase control system is described that maintains phase lock among three signal channels and a reference channel, each containing 2.2 km of optical fiber, while accommodating the demands of the slow light techniques. Residual phase error is kept below π /5 radians (1/10 wave) RMS. Slow light can also enhance the spectral sensitivity of spectrometers and interferometers. A design for a slow-light-enhanced nanophotonic spectrometer is presented. One important use of spectrometers is to detect specific chemicals, and I describe an approach to multivariate optical computation, which can be used for automatic chemical spectrum recognition. This technique, which could one day be implemented with a slow-light-enhanced spectrometer as a single-chip chemical detection platform, is explored experimentally in the visible spectrum using a spatial light modulator.
We have demonstrated that stimulated Brillouin scattering can be used to generate all-optical slow-light pulse delays of greater than a pulse length for pulses as short as 16 ns in a single-mode fiber. Since the induced delay is generated for wavelengths detuned from the pump field by the Brillouin frequency, tuning near an electronic resonance of the material is not required and thus delays can be induced at telecommunication wavelengths. This represents a significant improvement over previous demonstrations of slow light in solids and is an important step towards developing an all-optical tunable delay line for telecommunications. In addition, these results strongly suggest that analogous delays can be achieved using stimulated Raman scattering at telecommunication data rates.
We consider the propagation of a light pulse in a medium with a single resonance. If the frequency of the pulse is tuned far from resonance and the pulse duration is much shorter than the lifetime of the excited state of the resonant particles in the medium (atoms in a gas, impurity ions in a solid, etc.), the group velocity of the pulse is appreciably reduced. It is shown that the slowing down of the group velocity of the pulse is accompanied with a pulse chirp, which produces a pulse broadening in time. It is proposed to use two samples in sequence with opposite chirps (up chirp and down chirp or vice versa) compensating the pulse broadening. Then the pulse can be delayed with almost no losses, distortion, and broadening. However, there is a maximum distance, beyond which the pulse experiences corruption. Pumping with an auxiliary laser beam can control the delay time of the light pulse in the medium. Conditions to eliminate the contribution of the dephasing processes in the pulse propagation are considered.