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Physics Letters A

Precision in single atom localization via Raman-driven coherence: Role of detuning and phase shift

Rahmatullah Rahmatullah, Sajid Qamar

Published Apr 29, 2013• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2013.04.043

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A four-level N-type atom–field system exhibiting the Raman gain process is revisited for precision in position information of a single atom in a two-dimensional (2D) xy -plane. The atom interacts with two standing-wave fields where each standing-wave field is obtained via superposition of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, i.e., along the x and y directions, whereas a probe field is applied to observe the Raman gain process. The role of probe field detuning and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields in precision position information of a single atom in a 2D plane is investigated. The suggested scheme leads to enhancement in the spatial resolution in measuring the position of the atom, and a single atom localization peak in the xy -plane having a spatial resolution of the order of λ /10 is noticed.
Raman pulse atom interferometry is an important modality for precision measurements of inertial forces and tests of fundamental physics. Typical Raman atom optics use two coherent laser fields applied at gigahertz-scale detunings from optical resonance, so that spontaneous emission produces a minor or negligible source of decoherence. An additional consequence of spontaneous emission is coherent population trapping (CPT). We show that CPT produces coherences and population differences which induce systematic effects in Raman pulse atom interferometers. We do not believe that CPT has been previously identified as an error mechanism in Raman pulse atom interferometry. We present an experimental characterization of CPT coherences and population differences induced in laser-cooled cesium atoms by application of Raman pulses at detunings near 1 GHz, commensurate with detunings used in several precision measurement experiments. We are not aware of previous demonstrations of CPT-induced population difference. We argue that CPT effects could induce phase shifts of several milliradians in magnitude for typical experimental parameters and stipulate that these errors can be suppressed by propagation direction reversal in Raman interferometer-based precision measurements.
We propose a efficient scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization via spatial interference in a generic double two-level atomic system driven by a weak probe field and three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields. Because the spatial interference originates from the position-dependent atom-field interaction, the position information of the atom can be obtained by the measurement of the atom population. We find that the precision of 3D atom localization in volumes depends sensitively on the frequency detuning and the phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Interestingly enough, we show that adjusting the frequency detuning and phase shifts can lead to a redistribution of the atoms and a significant change in the visibility of the interference pattern. As a result, the atom can be localized in volumes that are substantially smaller than a cubic optical wavelength.