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Physical Review A

Giant Lamb shift in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody

Miao Yin, Ze Cheng

Published Apr 3, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Lamb shift in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) is studied in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics theory. It is found that the Lamb shift in a KNB depends on the absolute temperature and the Kerr nonlinear coefficient. Below a transition temperature ${T}_{c}$, the Lamb shift is larger than that in a nonabsorbing linear medium. Under some conditions, the Lamb shift in a KNB can become much larger than that in a nonabsorbing linear medium or in free space. Above ${T}_{c}$, the Lamb shift equals that in a nonabsorbing linear medium. The application of our theory is also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.043803

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The Lamb shift in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) is studied in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics theory. It is found that the Lamb shift in a KNB depends on the absolute temperature and the Kerr nonlinear coefficient. Below a transition temperature Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, the Lamb shift is larger than that in a nonabsorbing linear medium. Under some conditions, the Lamb shift in a KNB can become much larger than that in a nonabsorbing linear medium or in free space. Above Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, the Lamb shift equals that in a nonabsorbing linear medium. The application of our theory is also discussed.
We investigate the dynamic Stark shift and atomic depopulation rate induced by real photons in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody. We found that the dynamic Stark shift and atomic depopulation rate are equally modified by a nonlinear contribution factor and a linear contribution factor under a transition temperature Tc. The nonlinear contribution factor depends on the Kerr nonlinear coefficient as well as the absolute temperature. Below Tc, the absolute values of the dynamic Stark shift and depopulation rate of a single atomic state (not the ground state) are correspondingly larger than those in a normal blackbody whose interior is filled with a nonabsorbing linear medium. Above Tc, the dynamic Stark shift and atomic depopulation rate are correspondingly equal to those in a normal blackbody with a nonabsorbing linear medium in its interior.
In the present paper, a charged oscillator in a harmonic potential well interacting with a Kerr-nonlinear blackbody is investigated. A quantum Langevin equation is derived. It is shown that below a transition temperature Tc, the memory function is a decreasing function of the Kerr-nonlinear coefficient. In the large-cutoff limit, the free-energy shift is a complicated function of temperature which is no longer a simply T2-dependent function. The energy level shift of an oscillator in a normal blackbody is negative, while in our Kerr-nonlinear blackbody, only near zero temperature is the corresponding energy level shift negative. As the temperature increases to the transition temperature Tc, the corresponding energy level shift becomes a large positive value. Above Tc, our results are the same as those found in a normal blackbody.
A reservoir theory has been used to investigate the spontaneous emission of a two-level atom in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody. It is found that the atomic decay rate is a monotonically increasing function of absolute temperature. Below a transition temperature Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, the spontaneous emission is always inhibited compared to that in a nonabsorbing linear medium. It is also found that the inhibition of spontaneous emission is a monotonically decreasing function of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient. The inhibition of spontaneous emission is interpreted on the basis of a physical mechanism.
Within the framework of quantum field theory, we show that the photon system in a blackbody whose interior is filled by a Kerr nonlinear crystal is in a condensation state. In the condensation state, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired bare photons are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The photon-pair system is a condensate and the nonpolariton system is a boson gas. At zero temperature the condensate possesses a largest persistent energy density. The persistent energy density of the condensate is a monotonically decreasing function of temperature and Kerr nonlinear coefficient. The QQQ function of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody at any temperature is derived analytically. In the transition from the normal to the condensation state, the phase symmetry of the photon system is spontaneously broken.
Abstract In this paper we investigate the nonlinear dynamics for optical bistabile (OB) model of homogeneously broadened two-level atomic medium interacting with a single mode of the ring cavity in the presence of a Kerr-nonlinear blackbody (KNB) radiation reservoir. We show the impact of the relative temperature of the reservoir on the transition between the dynamical states via bifurcation diagrams that represents the relation between maximum values of the output field and the relative temperature for fixed input field. Specifically, decreasing the relative temperature (T b ) causes the system to bifurcate from periodic to chaotic behavior and in turn reverts back to periodic behavior with further decrease of T b . Varying atomic detuning leads to a change in the nature of the dynamic transition between the system’s states from self pulsing to chaotic behavior.