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Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

The optical double resonance spectrum of an atom in a squeezed field

S Smart, S. Swain

Published Oct 1, 1992• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors consider a three-level atom in the ladder configuration, which interacts with two classical, monochromatic electromagnetic fields. The laser driving the mod 0) to mod 1) transition is intense, whilst the laser connecting the mod 1) to mod 2) transition is weak. In addition, a squeezed vacuum field is centered on the mod 0) to mod 1) transition. They calculate the optical double resonance spectrum for this system, and show that it depends very sensitively on the squeezing phase and degree of squeezing. Normally the ODR spectrum consists of two peaks, but when the population trapping condition of Courty and Reynaud (1989) is satisfied, one of the peaks disappears. The observation of the ODR spectrum could provide a means of detecting a squeezed field.

DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/4/5/004

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The authors consider a three-level atom in the ladder configuration, which interacts with two classical, monochromatic electromagnetic fields. The laser driving the mod 0) to mod 1) transition is intense, whilst the laser connecting the mod 1) to mod 2) transition is weak. In addition, a squeezed vacuum field is centered on the mod 0) to mod 1) transition. They calculate the optical double resonance spectrum for this system, and show that it depends very sensitively on the squeezing phase and degree of squeezing. Normally the ODR spectrum consists of two peaks, but when the population trapping condition of Courty and Reynaud (1989) is satisfied, one of the peaks disappears. The observation of the ODR spectrum could provide a means of detecting a squeezed field.
The authors investigate the dipole-dipole interaction role in the resonance fluorescence of two identical two-level atoms, which are confined to a region much smaller than the resonant wavelength and which are damped by a squeezed vacuum. The spectrum consists of seven or five lines, depending on the relative phase between the driving field and the squeezed vacuum, whereas the spectrum without the dipole-dipole interaction displays three lines. The widths of these lines depend on the parameters of the squeezed vacuum and can be subnatural or supernatural depending on the phase. The central line and additional sidebands at double the Rabi frequency can have intensities larger than in the normal vacuum but the intensities of lines at one Rabi frequency are always less than in the normal vacuum.
The authors calculate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom interacting with a resonant classical applied field and a squeezed vacuum for general values of the squeezing phase. They find that the spectra are asymmetric under the following conditions: (i) the Rabi frequency must not be too large and (ii) the squeezing phase should be of athe order pi /2. Large asymmetries are obtainable, even if the three peaks of the spectrum are clearly resolved. An interpretation is provided by means of a dressed state analysis. Under conditions (i) and (ii), they also find that very large differences in the dressed state populations can occur.
We study fluorescence from a three-level atom in a cascade configuration driven by two coherent fields and damped by a broadband squeezed vacuum. Under the conditions that one or both of these fields are intense, a secular approximation is invoked to derive an analytical solution of the relevant master equation. When the two fields are in exact resonance with their respective transitions, expressions for the fluorescent spectra show a narrowing of the central peak for some specific values of the parameters of the squeezed vacuum and the phases between the driving fields and the squeezed vacuum. We also present analytical expressions for second-order intensity correlations. The inhibition of fluorescence in a squeezed vacuum is reflected in the quantum-jump-like behavior shown by these correlations.
The fluorescence field from one of the two allowed transitions in a three-level atom can sense squeezed fluctuations of a vacuum field coupled to the other transition. We examine the fluorescence spectra of strongly driven three-level atoms in \ensuremath{\Lambda}, V, and cascade configurations in which one of the two one-photon transitions is coupled to a finite-bandwidth squeezed vacuum field, when the bandwidth is much smaller than the difference in the atomic transition frequencies, though much larger than atomic decay rates and Rabi frequencies of the driving fields. The driving fields are on one-photon resonance, and the squeezed vacuum field is generated by a degenerate parameter oscillator. Details are only given for the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. The extension to the V and cascade configurations is straightforward. We find that in all configurations the fluorescence spectra of the transition not coupled to the squeezed vacuum field are composed of five lines, one central and two pairs of sidebands, with intensities and widths strongly influenced by the squeezed vacuum field. However, only the central component and the outer sidebands exhibit a dependence on the squeezing phase. We also examine the fluorescence spectrum for the cascade configuration with a squeezed vacuum field on resonance with the two-photon transition between the ground and the most excited states and now generated by a nondegenerate parametric oscillator. In this case, where the squeezed vacuum field can be made coupled to both transitions, all spectral lines depend on the squeezing phase. The spectral features are explained in terms of the dressed-atom model of the system. We show that the coherent mixing of the atomic states by the strong driving fields modifies transition rates between the dressed states, which results in the selective phase dependence of the spectral features. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Fluorescence from a coherently driven two-level atom that is damped by a squeezed vacuum is studied. We show that the mean atomic polarization depends on the relative phases of the squeezed vacuum and the coherent driving field. The fluorescent spectrum is calculated and shows several modifications over the spectrum for normal resonance fluorescence. In particular, the central peak of the Mollow triplet has a linewidth that depends on the phase of the driving field. For strong squeezing this peak can either be much narrower or much broader than the natural linewidth of the atom.
The resonance fluorescence of a three-level system is studied in each of its three possible configurations—ladder, lambda and vee—when it also interacts with broad band squeezed vacua and the applied fields are resonant. We obtain general expressions which apply for any configuration and do not make use of the secular approximation. Detailed results are presented which depend upon the degree of squeezing and the squeezing phase, in addition to the intensities of the applied fields. It is shown that asymmetric spectra may be obtained in certain circumstances. These are interpreted in terms of coherent and incoherent transitions induced by the squeezed fields. We also take the opportunity to assess the accuracy of the secular approximation.