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Journal of the Optical Society of America

Ba ii fluorescence from barium atoms resonantly photoionized by 584-Å radiation

B. E. Cole, E. B. Saloman, D. L. Ederer

Published Dec 1, 1981• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The first reported study of a fluorescence spectrum of a metal vapor resonantly excited by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation has been made in Ba ii. Seven Ba ii fluorescent transitions have been identified for Ba vapor excited by 584-Å radiation. The intensities of these transitions are consistent with the population distribution of excited Ba ii observed by using photoelectron spectroscopy. No detectable Ba ii fluorescence was observed when 736–742-Å excitation was used.

DOI
10.1364/josa.71.001458

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The first reported study of a fluorescence spectrum of a metal vapor resonantly excited by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation has been made in Ba ii. Seven Ba ii fluorescent transitions have been identified for Ba vapor excited by 584-Å radiation. The intensities of these transitions are consistent with the population distribution of excited Ba ii observed by using photoelectron spectroscopy. No detectable Ba ii fluorescence was observed when 736–742-Å excitation was used.
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Time-resolved measurements of fluorescence and level populations have been made on barium vapour illuminated by an intense pulse of laser radiation (1 MW cm -2 , 50 ns FWHM) tuned to the resonance transition of Ba I, 6s 2 1 S 0 -6s6p 1 P 1 , at 5535 AA. Barium number densities between 10 13 -10 15 cm -3 were investigated, using a buffer gas of helium at 100 Torr. Fluorescence was measured with two different geometrical arrangements, one allowing partial spatial resolution. In neither case did the observed fluorescence saturate with increasing laser power, although the maximum flux was more than sufficient to burn through the vapour column, as confirmed by transmission measurements. The power loss from the laser beam was found to be compatible with the scattered radiation from the pumped column in the absence of radiation trapping. In contrast to other similar experiments, no significant ionisation was detected (<5%). Time-resolved population measurements by anomalous dispersion on the 6s6p 3 P 2 and 6s5d 1 D 2 metastable levels yielded quenching cross sections for both Ba-Ba and Ba-He collisions, but gave anomalous result for the peak populations. A qualitative explanation of the fluorescence anomaly is proposed on the basis of the AC Stark effect, and it is shown that the same effect can inhibit the onset of stimulated emission to the metastable D levels.
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Barium vapor emission in the vicinity of the (5d6p1P1COP-6s1S0) and (6p1P1COP-6s1S0) resonance transitions excited by a XeCl* laser has been studied experimentaly. IR radiation ((lambda) equals 2315.8 nm) assigned to the Ba (7p1P1COP-7s1S0) transition has been detected. Four-wave parametric oscillation is assumed to be responsible for the Ba emission. Observations of the interaction range between UV pump radiation and Ba vapor have shown the green emission to be produced from a great number of narrow regions. This effect is attributable either to self- focusing or inversion threads.
We have studied in detail the ionization and population of high-lying atomic states which occur in cesium vapor excited at the second resonance transition, 6S-7P. We have developed a simple model which qualitatively explains the laser-power dependences of level populations and electron densities which we observed. Measurements of spatial dependences of fluorescence point out the critical role of radiation trapping in these phenomena. Similar observations on rubidium demonstrate the same type of behavior when the first (5S-5P) or second (5S-6P) resonance is excited. At higher densities and temperatures we found that the fluorescence was dominated by diffuse molecular bands. Some of these bands probably consist of transitions to the repulsive $^{3}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{+}$ state. Additionally four bands observed at 817.5, 826.6, 835.3, and 839.6 nm are tentatively identified as the cesium analog of the $^{3}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{\mathrm{g}}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{+}$ satellite bands which have previously been observed in the blue wing of the first resonance doublet of the lighter alkali metals.