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Physics Today

Quantum electronics: A report on the Second International Conference

J. R. Singer

Published Jan 1, 1962• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

More than 500 scientists took part in the Second International Conference on Quantum Electronics, which was held at the Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Calif., under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research and the University of California. Within the three-day conference period (March 23–25, 1961), some sixty papers were presented on recent progress in masers of various types (especially those involving the higher-frequency microwave and optical regions), phonon interactions and relaxation processes in solids and gases, narrow-line optical spectra of solids and gases, optical pumping, and a number of new ideas and accomplishments having to do with the interaction of matter and electromagnetic waves. In addition to those from the United States who attended the meeting, there were delegates from England, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Switzerland, and the USSR.

DOI
10.1063/1.3057975

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More than 500 scientists took part in the Second International Conference on Quantum Electronics, which was held at the Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Calif., under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research and the University of California. Within the three-day conference period (March 23–25, 1961), some sixty papers were presented on recent progress in masers of various types (especially those involving the higher-frequency microwave and optical regions), phonon interactions and relaxation processes in solids and gases, narrow-line optical spectra of solids and gases, optical pumping, and a number of new ideas and accomplishments having to do with the interaction of matter and electromagnetic waves. In addition to those from the United States who attended the meeting, there were delegates from England, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Switzerland, and the USSR.
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The subject of masers is introduced by giving an historical account of events which led to the amplification of microwave radiation by an inverted population in a system of weakly interacting ammonia molecules. The introduction also outlines the development of masers up to the present. Sections 2 and 3 are concerned with maser fundamentals. Methods for obtaining inverted populations are discussed in § 2. Section 3 is devoted to the theory of maser gain and noise. This is followed by a discussion of microwave solid state masers. Microwave maser materials and the development of unidirectional travelling wave maser amplifiers are emphasized. Optical masers are treated in § 5. In this section the theory of optical amplifiers and oscillators is outlined. Also included in the theoretical discussion is a rather lengthy consideration of pump power requirements in optically pumped masers. This is followed by a survey of solid state, semiconductor and gaseous optical masers. The review ends with some comments on the extension of masers to new wavelength regions.
Quantum many-body theory as a discipline in its own right dates largely from the 1950's. It has developed since then to its current position as one of the cornerstones of modern theoretical physics. The field remains vibrant and active, vigorous and exciting. Indeed, its successes and importance were vividly illustrated prior to the conference by the sharing of the 1998 Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry by three many-body theorists. Two of those Nobel laureates, Walter Kohn and Bob Laughlin, delivered invited lectures at this meeting, the tenth in the series of International Conferences on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories. This series is universally recognized as being the premier series of meetings on this subject, and its proceedings have always summarized the current state of the art through the lectures of its leading practitioners. The present volume is no exception. A major aim of this conference series has been to foster the exchange of ideas between physicists working in all the diverse fields of application of quantum many-body theory. These include nuclear and subnuclear physics, quantum fluids, strongly correlated electronic systems, and low-dimensional condensed-matter systems and materials. All of these fields and others are represented in the present volume. Other topical themes covered include density functional theory and its applications to nuclear and electronic systems, quantum dots and chaos, and trapped Bose?Einstein condensates. Through this breadth of applications the reader will get a clear illustration of the power of the tools of modern microscopic quantum many-body theory, and their usefulness both in achieving a commonality of approach and understanding, and in transferring powerful ideas from one field to another.
These are the proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories , which was held from 8–13 September 2013 in Rostock, Germany. The conference continued the triennial series initiated in Trieste in 1978 and was devoted to new developments in the field of many-body theories. The conference series encourages the exchange of ideas between physicists working in such diverse areas as nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, lattice Hamiltonians or quantum uids. Many-body theories are an integral part in different fields of theoretical physics such as condensed matter, nuclear matter and field theory. Phase transitions and macroscopic quantum effects such as magnetism, Bose-Einstein condensation, super uidity or superconductivity have been investigated within ultra-cold gases, finite systems or various nanomaterials. The conference series on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories is devoted to foster the interaction and to cross-fertilize between different fields and to discuss future lines of research. The topics of the 17th meeting were Cluster Physics Cold Gases High Energy Density Matter and Intense Lasers Magnetism New Developments in Many-Body Techniques Nuclear Many-Body and Relativistic Theories Quantum Fluids and Solids Quantum Phase Transitions Topological Insulators and Low Dimensional Systems. 109 participants from 20 countries participated. 44 talks and 61 posters werde presented. As a particular highlight of the conference, The Eugene Feenberg Memorial Medal for outstanding results in the field of many-body theory and The Hermann Kümmel Early Achievement Award in Many-Body Physics for young scientists in that field were awarded. The Feenberg Medal went jointly to Patrick Lee (MIT, USA) for his fundamental contributions to condensed-matter theory, especially in regard to the quantum Hall effect, to universal conductance uctuations, and to the Kondo effect in quantum dots, and Douglas Scalapino (UC Santa Barbara, USA) for his imaginative use and development of the Monte-Carlo approach and for his ground-breaking contributions to superconductivity. The Kümmel Award went to Max Metlitski (UC Santa Barbara) for remarkable advances in the theory of quantum criticality in metals. The nominations for the Kümmel Award were of such high standard that the Committee announced Honourable Mentions to Martin Eckstein (MPDS/U Hamburg, Germany) for his leading contributions in the development of non-equilibrium dynamical mean field theory, Emanuel Gull (U Michigan, USA) for the development of the Continuous-Time Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo Method and for its use in understanding the interplay of the pseudogap and superconductivity in the Hubbard model and Kai Sun (U Michigan, USA) for seminal contributions to the theory of topological effects in strongly correlated electron systems. The Conference continues the series of conferences held before in Trieste, Italy (1979); Oaxtapec, Mexico (1981); Odenthal-Altenberg, Germany (1983); San Francisco, USA (1985); Oulu, Finland (1987); Arad, Israel (1989); Minneapolis, USA (1991); Schloé Segau, Austria (1994); Sydney, Australia (1997); Seattle, USA (1999); Manchester, UK (2001); Santa Fe, USA (2004); Buenos Aires, Argentina (2005); Barcelona, Spain (2007); Columbus, USA (2009) and Bariloche, Argentina (2011). It has been a great pleasure to prepare for the conference. We thank the IAC and in particular Susana Hernandez and David Neilson as well as the International Programme Committee for their great support and advice. Many more people have been involved locally in organizing this international meeting and thanks goes to them, in particular to the members of the LOC Sonja Lorenzen, Dieter Bauer, Niels-Uwe Bastian, Marina Hertzfeldt, Volker Mosert and Gerd Röpke. The next meeting will take place in Buffalo, USA in 2015 and we look forward to yet another exciting exchange on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories. Heidi Reinholz and Jordi Boronat Guest editors Details of the committees are available in the PDF.