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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Generalizations of the Heisenberg and Schrödinger uncertainty relations

Yan-Ni Dou, Hong-Ke Du

Published Oct 1, 2013• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, releasing the restriction on operators which are self-adjoint, we propose a Heisenberg-type uncertainty relation and a Schrödinger-type uncertainty relation with any pair of operators on a Hilbert space. A generalization of Luo's theorem [S. Luo, “Heisenberg uncertainty relation for mixed states,” Phys. Rev. A 72, 042110 (2005)] is investigated.

DOI
10.1063/1.4825114

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In this paper, releasing the restriction on operators which are self-adjoint, we propose a Heisenberg-type uncertainty relation and a Schrödinger-type uncertainty relation with any pair of operators on a Hilbert space. A generalization of Luo's theorem [S. Luo, “Heisenberg uncertainty relation for mixed states,” Phys. Rev. A 72, 042110 (2005)] is investigated.
In quantum mechanics it is well known that the Heisenberg-Schrödinger uncertainty relations hold for two non-commutative observables and density operator. Recently Dou and Du (J. Math. Phys. 54:103508, 2013 ; Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53:952-958, 2014 ) obtained several uncertainty relations for two non-commutative non-hermitian observables and density operators. In this paper, we show that their results can be given as corollaries of our non-hermitian extensions of Heisenberg type or Schrödinger type uncertainty relations for the generalized metric adjusted skew information or generalized metric adjusted correlation measures which were obtained in Furuichi and Yanagi (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 388:1147-1156, 2012 ).
Recently, Maccone and Pati [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 113}, 260401 (2014)] derived few inequalities among variances of incompatible operators which they called stronger uncertainty relations, stronger than Heisenberg-Robertson or Schrodinger uncertainty relations. Here we generalize their study to get infinite number of such inequalities and propose that only one of them may be the correct uncertainty relation between incompatible operators. We get back well known uncertainty relations of Heisenberg-Robertson and Schrodinger under certain limits. We also reexamine the conclusions of Maccone and Pati and comment on their work.
In quantum mechanics it is well known that observables are represented by hermitian matrices (or operators). Uncertainty relations are represented as some kinds of trace inequalities satisfied by two observables and one density matrix (or operator). By releasing the hermitian restriction on observables, we obtained non-hermite uncertainty relations. In this paper we give several non-hermitian extensions of Heisenberg or Schrödinger type q uncertainty relations for generalized skew information under some conditions.
Abstract Real Hilbert space is a Euclidean space of infinite dimensionality. Complex Hilbert space is less amenable to elementary geometrical intuitions, but these do serve to give structure to the present argument. The familiar process of finding, relative to a vector x, the expectation Ā of a self-adjoint linear operator A, and then using the deviation A — Ā to obtain a dispersion ΔA, may be interpreted as a projection leading to a unit vector e orthogonal to x. If we have n self-adjoint operators Ar, we thus form n unit vectors er orthogonal to x. From a basic property of Hilbert space, the vector c1e1 + c2e2 + ... + cnen has a non-negative norm for arbitrary complex coefficients. This demands the positive-indefinite character of a real quadratic form in 2n variables; equivalently, all its eigenvalues must be non-negative. This leads to inequalities on the dispersions ΔAr, the expectations of the commutators i[Ar, As] and other expectations. For n = 2, this process leads to Schrödinger’s improvement of the Heisenberg inequality. The case n = 3 is here worked out explicitly.