A variational approach is applied to the description of temperature effects in an N-particle exactly solvable schematic model, with SU(2) symmetry. The ground-state energy and the strength distribution for different couplings and temperatures are compared with the exact results.
The interplay between pairing and shape deformations at finite temperatures is studied with reference to an exactly soluble SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2) model which is able to suitably mock up both superconductivity and the effects of long-range residual forces. Thermodynamic and ground state phase transitions are studied, both in the thermodynamic limit and in the case of a finite number of particles. Several independent quasiparticle approximations are analyzed with reference to the corresponding exact results.
We use the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model and the valence-space nuclear shell model to examine the likely performance of variational quantum eigensolvers in nuclear-structure theory. The LMG model exhibits both a phase transition and spontaneous symmetry breaking at the mean-field level in one of the phases, features that characterize collective dynamics in medium-mass and heavy nuclei. We show that with appropriate modifications, the ADAPT-VQE algorithm, a particularly flexible and accurate variational approach, is not troubled by these complications. We treat up to 12 particles and show that the number of quantum operations needed to approach the ground-state energy scales linearly with the number of qubits. We find similar scaling when the algorithm is applied to the nuclear shell model with realistic interactions in the sd and pf shells. Although most of these simulations contain no noise, we use a noise model from real IBM hardware to show that for the LMG model with four particles, weak noise has no effect on the efficiency of the algorithm.