We present a theoretical scheme for the generation of four quantized modes in a three-level double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atomic system driven by two counterpropagating far-detuned pump beams and find the entanglement between the four modes. By using the second-order perturbation method and the phase-matching condition for the four-wave mixing processes, the effective Hamiltonian is derived, which clearly illustrates the generation of four light beams and their entanglement. The dependence of the four-mode entanglement on interaction time, pump detuning, strength of interaction force, and the ratio of Rabi frequency of two pump beams is analyzed with inseparability. The result presented here provides a method for the experimental generation of multipartite entanglement in an atomic system.We present a theoretical scheme for the generation of four quantized modes in a three-level double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atomic system driven by two counterpropagating far-detuned pump beams and find the entanglement between the four modes. By using the second-order perturbation method and the phase-matching condition for the four-wave mixing processes, the effective Hamiltonian is derived, which clearly illustrates the generation of four light beams and their entanglement. The dependence of the four-mode entanglement on interaction time, pump detuning, strength of interaction force, and the ratio of Rabi frequency of two pump beams is analyzed with inseparability. The result presented here provides a method for the experimental generation of multipartite entanglement in an atomic system.

Physical Review AOct 14, 20138 citations

Entanglement generation via full-resonant four-wave mixing

Guangling Cheng, Wenxue Zhong, Aixi Chen

Optics CommunicationsMay 28, 20102 citations

Generation of multi-mode-entangled light

Xinyu Zhao, Yonghong Ma, Ling Zhou

Optics CommunicationsJan 15, 200917 citations

Multi-channel entanglement distribution using spatial multiplexing from four-wave mixing in atomic vapor

Prasoon Gupta, Travis Horrom, Brian E. Anderson +2 more

Four-wave mixing in atomic vapor allows for the generation of multi-spatial-mode states of light containing many pairs of two-mode entangled vacuum beams. This in principle can be used to send independent secure keys to multiple parties simultaneously using a single light source. In our experiment, we demonstrate this spatial multiplexing of information by selecting three independent pairs of entangled modes and performing continuous-variable measurements to verify the correlations between entangled partners. In this way, we generate three independent pairs of correlated random bit streams that could be used as secure keys. We then demonstrate a classical four-party secret sharing scheme as an example for how this spatially multiplexed source could be used.Four-wave mixing in atomic vapor allows for the generation of multi-spatial-mode states of light containing many pairs of two-mode entangled vacuum beams. This in principle can be used to send independent secure keys to multiple parties simultaneously using a single light source. In our experiment, we demonstrate this spatial multiplexing of information by selecting three independent pairs of entangled modes and performing continuous-variable measurements to verify the correlations between entangled partners. In this way, we generate three independent pairs of correlated random bit streams that could be used as secure keys. We then demonstrate a classical four-party secret sharing scheme as an example for how this spatially multiplexed source could be used.

arXiv:1507.02181Journal of Modern OpticsAug 26, 201518 citations

Detuning Tunable OAM Generation via Double- $Λ$ Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rubidium VaporDetuning Tunable OAM Generation via Double-$Λ$ Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rubidium Vapor

Shahar Monsa, Michael Shulinder, Shmuel Sternklar +1 more

We demonstrate detuning-tunable generation of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) light using a double Lambda four-wave-mixing (FWM) process in Doppler broadened rubidium vapor. Two near-resonant pumps on the D1 line drive non degenerate FWM that produces bright probe conjugate beams whose transverse modes evolve with pump detuning. A paraxial density-matrix model coupled to split-step propagation predicts detuning-dependent spatial gain shaping that sets the OAM content; experiments with a mode cleaned pump laser and a 12-mm AR-coated vapor cell validate these predictions. We quantify mode formation by imaging, spectroscopy, and power measurements, and verify OAM conservation between the generated beams. The results establish resonant atomic vapor as a compact, tunable platform for structured-light generation with applications to high-dimensional quantum communications and imaging.We demonstrate detuning-tunable generation of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) light using a double Lambda four-wave-mixing (FWM) process in Doppler broadened rubidium vapor. Two near-resonant pumps on the D1 line drive non degenerate FWM that produces bright probe conjugate beams whose transverse modes evolve with pump detuning. A paraxial density-matrix model coupled to split-step propagation predicts detuning-dependent spatial gain shaping that sets the OAM content; experiments with a mode cleaned pump laser and a 12-mm AR-coated vapor cell validate these predictions. We quantify mode formation by imaging, spectroscopy, and power measurements, and verify OAM conservation between the generated beams. The results establish resonant atomic vapor as a compact, tunable platform for structured-light generation with applications to high-dimensional quantum communications and imaging.

arXiv:2510.19649Oct 22, 20250 citations

Generation of hybrid entanglement of light

Hyunseok Jeong, Alessandro Zavatta, Minsu Kang +5 more

arXiv:1309.6192Nature PhotonicsJun 20, 2014229 citations

Detuning Tunable OAM Generation via Double-

Λ

Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rubidium Vapor