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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Confining and probing BEC dynamics in optical lattices via boundary dissipations

Gian‐Luca Oppo, Roberto Franzosi, Roberto Livi

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A technique, based on boundary dissipation, capable to localise and probe the breather dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in optical lattices is described. Numerical simulations of BEC in optical lattices with atomic losses at the trap ends are presented and the dynamical evolution of the atomic density starting from a uniform filling the lattice. The utilization of atomic losses at the boundaries to probe the dynamics of the localized structures inside the lattice is investigated.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386744

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A technique, based on boundary dissipation, capable to localise and probe the breather dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in optical lattices is described. Numerical simulations of BEC in optical lattices with atomic losses at the trap ends are presented and the dynamical evolution of the atomic density starting from a uniform filling the lattice. The utilization of atomic losses at the boundaries to probe the dynamics of the localized structures inside the lattice is investigated.
A model of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice provided with dissipative boundary conditions is studied. We show how measurements on the emitted atoms can be exploited for determining the presence, nature and interaction of localized states inside the lattice. A travelling breather can, for example, determine presence and position of self-trapped stationary states through periodic bounces at the lossy boundaries. By measuring densities and phases of the emitted atoms, multi-breather states and breather interactions are characterized. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Abstract Mean field and beyond mean field model calculations of Bose–Einstein condensates trapped in optical lattices have shown that initially homogeneous condensates can evolve into self-trapped, strongly localized states in the presence of weak boundary dissipation, a phenomenon called self-localization . A dynamical phase transition from extended to localized states can be observed when the effective nonlinearity exceeds a critical threshold Λ eff c . We investigate this phase transition to self-localization in the mean field approximation of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We quantitatively characterize the properties of the discrete breathers , i.e. the nonlinear localized solutions, at the phase transition. This leads us to propose and numerically verify an analytical lower bound Λ eff L for the critical nonlinearity based on the idea of self-induced Anderson localization.
The properties of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) can be studied and controlled effectively when trapped in optical lattices. In the limit of tight binding, BEC in optical lattices are well described by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLSE). Spatially localised modes of excitations, known as discrete breathers or lattice solitons, can occur in the DNLSE. These have been shown to evolve from initial conditions of Gaussian wave-packets. Using this method with the addition of an initial momentum, mobile breathers that travel across the lattice with a constant velocity can also be formed.
We study the decay of an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) population N (τ) from the leaking boundaries of an optical lattice (OL). For a rescaled interatomic interaction strength Λ>Λ b , discrete breathers (DBs) are created that prevent the atoms from reaching the leaking boundaries. Collisions of other lattice excitations with the outermost DBs result in avalanches, i.e. steps in N (τ), which for a whole range of Λ-values follow a scale-free distribution P ( J =δ N )∼1/ J α . A theoretical analysis of the mixed phase space of the system indicates that 1<α<3, in agreement with our numerical findings.