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Physical Review Letters

Spectrum of Light Scattered from a Degenerate Bose Gas

Juha Javanainen

Published Sep 4, 1995• 67 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectrum of light scattered from a Bose gas is studied in the limit of large detuning. At low density the spectrum is a direct replica of the velocity distribution of the atoms. In a degenerate gas the spectrum may acquire extra structure, reflecting the Bose-Einstein statistics of the atoms. In the presence of a Bose condensate a characteristic two-peak spectrum develops.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.75.1927

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The spectrum of light scattered from a Bose gas is studied in the limit of large detuning. At low density the spectrum is a direct replica of the velocity distribution of the atoms. In a degenerate gas the spectrum may acquire extra structure, reflecting the Bose-Einstein statistics of the atoms. In the presence of a Bose condensate a characteristic two-peak spectrum develops.
We calculate the spectrum of the scattered light from quantum degenerate atomic gases obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. The atoms are assumed to occupy two ground states, which are optically coupled through a common excited state by two low-intensity off-resonant light beams. In the presence of a Bose condensate in both ground states, the atoms may exhibit light-induced oscillations between the two condensates analogous to the Josephson effect. The spectrum of the scattered light is calculated in the limit of a low oscillation frequency. In the spectrum we are able to observe qualitative features depending on the phase difference between the macroscopic wave functions of the two condensates. Thus, our optical scheme could possibly be used as an experimental realization of the spontaneous breakdown of the U(1) gauge symmetry in the Bose-Einstein condensation.
The spectrum of light scattered from a Bose–Einstein condensate is studied in the limit of particle-number conservation. To this end, a description in terms of deformed bosons is invoked and this leads to a deviation from the usual predict spectrum’s shape as soon as the number of particles decreases. PACS number(s): 03.65.Fd (Algebraic methods), 03.75.Fi (Bose condensation), 42.50.Ct (Quantum statistical description of interaction of light and matter) 1 The recent achievements of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with a gas of atoms confined by a magnetic trap [1] has stimulated renewed interest in the question as to what signatures Bose–Einstein condensation imprints in the spectrum of light scattered from atoms in such a condensate [2, 3]. As well known, to deal with the dynamics of BEC gas the Bogolubov approximation in quantum many-body theory [4] is an efficient approach, in which the creation
We study interactions of light with a sample of two-level atoms, with full inclusion of angular momentum degeneracy, at temperatures and densities such that the quantum statistics of the atoms may have an effect. Coupled propagation equations are given for light and matter fields, and plausible general simplifications are enumerated. In particular, the motion of the atoms during the excited-state lifetime may often be ignored. The propagation equations of light and matter fields are decoupled within the assumption that the detuning of the driving light from atomic resonance is large, and the spectrum of scattered light is studied for ideal Bose and Fermi gases. In addition to the expected image of the velocity distribution, the spectra contain qualitatively distinct features that depend on the statistics of the atoms. This is because for bosons (fermions), those scattering events in which an atom recoils to an already occupied state are enhanced (inhibited).