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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Multisubband infrared dressing of excitons in quantum wells

Seyed M. Sadeghi, Jeff F. Young, Jochen Meyer

Published Dec 15, 1997• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A formalism is described that self-consistently treats the effects of infrared (ir) coupling fields on the interband quantum-well absorption spectrum when both the $e1\ensuremath{-}e2$ and $e2\ensuremath{-}e3$ conduction subband transitions are nearly resonant with the ir frequency. For the 8.5-nm-wide GaAs quantum-well samples typically considered for ir dressing studies, we show that the simultaneous two-photon coupling of the $e1\ensuremath{-}hh1$ and $e3\ensuremath{-}hh1$ excitons and the one-photon coupling of all three excitons produces significantly different results than those obtained when the $e2\ensuremath{-}e3$ coupling is neglected. In particular we find that the position and shape of the dominant $e1\ensuremath{-}hh1$ exciton feature each change nonmonotonically, and saturate with increasing ir intensity. This is in better agreement with existing experimental results than previous calculations based on simple $e1\ensuremath{-}e2$ coupling.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.56.r15557

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A formalism is described that self-consistently treats the effects of infrared (ir) coupling fields on the interband quantum-well absorption spectrum when both the e1\ensuremath−e2e1\ensuremath{-}e2e1\ensuremath−e2 and e2\ensuremath−e3e2\ensuremath{-}e3e2\ensuremath−e3 conduction subband transitions are nearly resonant with the ir frequency. For the 8.5-nm-wide GaAs quantum-well samples typically considered for ir dressing studies, we show that the simultaneous two-photon coupling of the e1\ensuremath−hh1e1\ensuremath{-}hh1e1\ensuremath−hh1 and e3\ensuremath−hh1e3\ensuremath{-}hh1e3\ensuremath−hh1 excitons and the one-photon coupling of all three excitons produces significantly different results than those obtained when the e2\ensuremath−e3e2\ensuremath{-}e3e2\ensuremath−e3 coupling is neglected. In particular we find that the position and shape of the dominant e1\ensuremath−hh1e1\ensuremath{-}hh1e1\ensuremath−hh1 exciton feature each change nonmonotonically, and saturate with increasing ir intensity. This is in better agreement with existing experimental results than previous calculations based on simple e1\ensuremath−e2e1\ensuremath{-}e2e1\ensuremath−e2 coupling.
A strong infrared field tuned in resonance with dipole-allowed intersubband transitions in quantum-well conduction bands can act to coherently mix or dress the resonant states. The effects of dressing two excited conduction subbands on the linear response of a weak probe field nearly resonant with one of the excited subbands and the partially occupied ground subband is theoretically treated to arbitrary order in the coupling-field strength. Three critical coupling-field strengths are identified that demark: (i) the minimum coupling required to observe changes in the linear response, (ii) the onset of a resolvable doublet in the response, and (iii) the strong-coupling limit in which the line doubling is fully developed. Analytic expressions for these three critical fields are obtained in terms of the Rabi frequency and the phenomenological damping parameters associated with states in the three subbands.
We show theoretically that infrared multisubband dressing of exciton states combined with their extensive damping rates allow one to coherently make these states immune against intense resonant infrared lasers. Such coherently frozen states occur as one detects bound exciton states associated with a broad conduction subband (e3)(e3)(e3) when this subband is dramatically damped by emission of longitudinal optical phonons and optically coupled to a relatively narrow conduction subband (e1)(e1)(e1) via a two-photon coupling process. It is shown that under such conditions the exciton states are optically dressed and become stationary without any energy shift and significant amplitude change. We also use multisubband dressing of exciton states to propose a two-field electromagnetically induced transparency where enhanced quantum interference in the excitonic transitions significantly removes contributions of the bound exciton states near the band edge.
We investigate the conduction intersubband linear response of an n-type quantum well driven by two coherent optical fields with arbitrary strengths. The optical fields couple two excited conduction subbands to a common excited subband with either higher energy (\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration) or intermediate energy (\ensuremath{\Xi} configuration). The system is then monitored weakly from the uncoupled partially occupied ground conduction subband. We find that the driven \ensuremath{\Lambda} system supports two different coupling mechanisms: (i) indirect two-photon coupling of the two lower-energy-excited subbands through the third one (Raman coupling), and (ii) one-photon coupling of all three coupled excited subbands. It is shown that in contrast to the one-photon process, the two-photon process is immune to the higher-energy-excited subband damping rate. The same mechanisms are found for corresponding states of the \ensuremath{\Xi} system. The manifestations of these mechanisms are discussed and the detailed evolutions of the coupled systems in both high-and low-field intensity cases are investigated. Also, the infrared coupling of quantum wells with large conduction-band offsets with a single field are studied using the results for the \ensuremath{\Xi} configuration. The role played by the damping rate of each subband in the infrared coupling of the quantum-well conduction band is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Optical interband excitonic absorption of semiconductor quantum wells (QW’s) driven by a coherent pump field is investigated on the basis of semiconductor Bloch equations. The pump field has a photon energy close to the intersubband spacing between the first two conduction subbands in the QW’s. An external weak optical field probes the interband transition. The excitonic effects and pump-induced population redistribution within the conduction subbands in the QW system are included. When the density of the electron–hole pairs in the QW structure is low, the pump field induces an Autler–Townes splitting of the exciton absorption spectrum. The split size and the peak positions of the absorption doublet depend not only on the pump frequency and intensity but also on the carrier density. As the density of the electron–hole pairs is increased, the split contrast (the ratio between the maximum and the minimum values) is decreased, because the exciton effect is suppressed at higher densities owing to the many-body screening.
We theoretically propose coherent control of the nonradiative decay of excitons in infrared-coupled asymmetric quantum wells. This is done by (i) inducing intraband multiphoton quantum coherences between exciton states associated with three conduction subbands (E1, E2, and E3), and (ii) adjusting the contributions of these coherences using competition between one- and two-photon coupling of these states. The intraband excitonic transitions are caused by one or two infrared laser beams resonant with the intersubband transitions between E1, E2, and E3. We show that by tuning these beams to allow coupling of the E1--HH1, E2--HH1, and E3--HH1 excitons with different configurations one can coherently manipulate the quantum efficiency of exciton emission. In an asymmetric double ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum well this could lead to nearly complete destruction of the emission spectrum, or to the immunity of excitons from enhancement of their nonradiative decay rates via the intraband transitions. We discuss these effects in terms of coherent population trapping of excitons and show how field-coherent destruction effects influence the multiphoton excitonic coherences.
When two electron conduction subbands in a doped quantum well are coupled by a coherent laser pumping, electromagnetically induced transparency and Rabi splitting in the interband absorption spectrum of a probe light are found for steady electron dressed states. The effect of light-electron interaction on electron and hole eigenenergies and states are calculated using a generalized density-functional approach. The change of absorption coefficient with the pump field amplitude is studied and explained.