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Optics Communications

New quasilinear effects of interaction of elliptically-polarized light with degenerate atoms under optical self-pumping in axial magnetic field

N. L. Kosulin, Anatolii M Tumaikin

Published Sep 1, 1986• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(86)90282-8

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Circular Dichroism Analysis and Ellipticity Measurement in SERF Atom Ensemble

Haoran Lv, Bozheng Xing, Xiujie Fang +2 more

In the research of the interaction between light and atoms, ellipticity is an important characterization of the pump and absorption rates. In previous researches, it was generally believed that ellipticity only originated from the interaction between magnetic fields and polarized alkali metal atomic ensembles. In this article, we derive and analyze the circular dichroism based on density matrix and Maxwell equations during the interaction between magnetic fields, probe light, and alkali metal atomic ensembles in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime. We construct an optical path for measuring ellipticity based on photo elastic modulator (PEM) to measure ellipticity. Under different experimental conditions, we compare the measurement results of ellipticity from circular dichroism effect and rotation angle from circular birefringence effect. The results indicates that the interaction between magnetic field and alkali metal atomic ensemble which is polarized by probe light is a new source of ellipticity. Then, we research the ratio of rotation angle to ellipticity, and the results indicates that ellipticity generated by the interaction between the magnetic field and the alkali metal atomic ensemble is an intrinsic characteristic, which is independent of external conditions. The confidence level of the fitting between the experimental results and the theoretical equation is 99.7%. This research can be applied to SERF magnetometers and co-magnetometers.

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Evidence of self-polarization of the ground degenerate atomic level during optical pumping on a two-quantum transition

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Transformation of vector modes by the Faraday effect in strong magnetic fields

Sphinx J. Svensson, Craig J. A. Millar, Danielle Pizzey +2 more

Large Faraday rotations can be generated by circular birefringence of atomic samples in an axial magnetic field in the vicinity of atomic resonance lines. More generally, magneto-optical effects in atomic samples include circular dichroism in addition to birefringence, resulting in a modification of the ellipticity as well as the polarization alignment. Usually such effects are investigated for homogeneous linear polarizations, but the mechanisms apply also to polarization structures such as vector vortices. We investigate the effect of optical activity of a rubidium vapor in the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime along the D2 line, for the example of azimuthally polarized input light. We show that for low atomic densities, circular birefringence dominates over dichroism, and azimuthal polarization is rotated toward radial polarization. The rotation angle increases with increasing optical densities. At high vapor temperatures, dichroism becomes more and more relevant, leading to intricate variations of both alignment and ellipticity. Our results shine new light on the interplay between different magneto-optic effects at strong magnetic fields. Their highly sensitive response to detuning may find applications in spectroscopy and quantum sensing.

arXiv:2607.15088•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 4, 2026•0 citations
In the research of the interaction between light and atoms, ellipticity is an important characterization of the pump and absorption rates. In previous researches, it was generally believed that ellipticity only originated from the interaction between magnetic fields and polarized alkali metal atomic ensembles. In this article, we derive and analyze the circular dichroism based on density matrix and Maxwell equations during the interaction between magnetic fields, probe light, and alkali metal atomic ensembles in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime. We construct an optical path for measuring ellipticity based on photo elastic modulator (PEM) to measure ellipticity. Under different experimental conditions, we compare the measurement results of ellipticity from circular dichroism effect and rotation angle from circular birefringence effect. The results indicates that the interaction between magnetic field and alkali metal atomic ensemble which is polarized by probe light is a new source of ellipticity. Then, we research the ratio of rotation angle to ellipticity, and the results indicates that ellipticity generated by the interaction between the magnetic field and the alkali metal atomic ensemble is an intrinsic characteristic, which is independent of external conditions. The confidence level of the fitting between the experimental results and the theoretical equation is 99.7%. This research can be applied to SERF magnetometers and co-magnetometers.
Large Faraday rotations can be generated by circular birefringence of atomic samples in an axial magnetic field in the vicinity of atomic resonance lines. More generally, magneto-optical effects in atomic samples include circular dichroism in addition to birefringence, resulting in a modification of the ellipticity as well as the polarization alignment. Usually such effects are investigated for homogeneous linear polarizations, but the mechanisms apply also to polarization structures such as vector vortices. We investigate the effect of optical activity of a rubidium vapor in the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime along the D2 line, for the example of azimuthally polarized input light. We show that for low atomic densities, circular birefringence dominates over dichroism, and azimuthal polarization is rotated toward radial polarization. The rotation angle increases with increasing optical densities. At high vapor temperatures, dichroism becomes more and more relevant, leading to intricate variations of both alignment and ellipticity. Our results shine new light on the interplay between different magneto-optic effects at strong magnetic fields. Their highly sensitive response to detuning may find applications in spectroscopy and quantum sensing.