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Russian Mathematical Surveys

THE QUANTUM METHOD OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM AND THE HEISENBERG XYZ MODEL

L A Takhtadzhan, Lyudvig Dmitrievich Faddeev

Published Oct 31, 1979• 848 citations
Publisher

Abstract

CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Classical statistical physics on a two-dimensional lattice and quantum mechanics on a chain § 2. Connection with the inverse problem method § 3. The six-vertex model § 4. Generating vectors and permutation relations § 5. The general Bethe Ansatz § 6. Integral equations Conclusion Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References

DOI
10.1070/rm1979v034n05abeh003909

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CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Classical statistical physics on a two-dimensional lattice and quantum mechanics on a chain § 2. Connection with the inverse problem method § 3. The six-vertex model § 4. Generating vectors and permutation relations § 5. The general Bethe Ansatz § 6. Integral equations Conclusion Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References
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Including topics not traditionally covered in literature, such as (1+1)-dimensional QFT and classical 2D Coulomb gases, this book considers a wide range of models and demonstrates a number of situations to which they can be applied. Beginning with a treatise of nonrelativistic 1D continuum Fermi and Bose quantum gases of identical spinless particles, the book describes the quantum inverse scattering method and the analysis of the related Yang–Baxter equation and integrable quantum Heisenberg models. It also discusses systems within condensed matter physics, the complete solution of the sine-Gordon model and modern trends in the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Each chapter concludes with problems and solutions to help consolidate the reader's understanding of the theory and its applications. Basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and equilibrium statistical physics is assumed, making this book suitable for graduate students and researchers in statistical physics, quantum mechanics and mathematical and theoretical physics.
Introduction to Integrable Many-Body Systems II This is the second part of a three-volume introductory course about integrable systems of interacting bodies. The models of interest are quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions between spin operators, in particular Heisenberg spin-1/2 models. The Ising model in a transverse field, expressible as a quadratic fermion form by using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, is the subject of Sect. 12. The derivation of the coordinate Bethe ansatz for the XXZ Heisenberg chain and the determination of its absolute ground state in various regions of the anisotropy parameter are presented in Sect. 13. The magnetic properties of the ground state are explained in Sect. 14. Sect. 15 concerns excited states and the zero-temperature thermodynamics of the XXZ model. The thermodynamics of the XXZ Heisenberg chain is derived on the basis of the string hypothesis in Sect. 16; the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations are analyzed in high-temperature and low-temperature limits. An alternative derivation of the thermodynamics without using strings, leading to a non-linear integral equation determining the free energy, is the subject of Sect. 17. A nontrivial application of the Quantum Inverse Scattering method to the fully anisotropic XYZ Heisenberg chain is described in Sect. 18. Sect. 19 deals with integrable cases of isotropic spin chains with an arbitrary spin.
Introduction The quantum inverse scattering method (QSIM) appears as the quantized form of the classical inverse scattering method. It allows us to reproduce the results of the Bethe Ansatz and to move ahead. QISM is now a well developed branch of mathematical physics. In this chapter the fundamentals of QISM are given and illustrated by concrete examples. In section 1 the general scheme of QISM, which allows the calculation of commutation relations between elements of the transfer matrix (necessary to construct eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian in Chapter VII) is presented, and the quantum R-matrix is introduced. As in the classical case, the existence of an R-matrix and trace identities ensures that a Lax representation for the model exists. Thus, there are infinitely many conservation laws. The Yang-Baxter equation, which is satisfied by the R-matrix, is discussed in section 2. Some important features of the R-matrix are also mentioned. The trace identities for the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation are proved in section 3. The general scheme of QISM is applied to the quantum sine-Gordon and Zhiber-Shabat-Mikhailov models in section 4. Spin models of quantum statistical physics are discussed in section 5. It is shown that a fundamental spin model can be constructed with the help of any given R-matrix. The connection between classical statistical models on a two-dimensional lattice and QISM is established in section 6. QISM is the generalization of the classical inverse scattering method.
The simple Bethe Ansatz is illustrated step by step in great detail for a variety of many-body quantum problems and lattice models. The focus is on a constructive presentation in which the problems of determining the spectral conditions and full wave functions are completely and transparently solved for the cases of the isotropic Heisenberg chain, N bosons or spin ħ/2 fermions with δ-function interactions, the XX-Heisenberg chain, and the six-vertex model. PACS Nos.: 05.50.+q, 05.30.Fk, 03.65.Fd, 75.10.Hk, 71.10.Fd