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Russian Physics Journal

New approach to the quantum tunneling process: Characteristic times for transmission and reflection

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

Published Mar 1, 2006• 7 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11182-006-0106-9

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Wave functions and characteristic times for transmission and reflection

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

We present a renewed wave-packet analysis based on the following ideas: if a quantum one-particle scattering process and the corresponding state are described by an indivisible wave packet to move as a whole at all stages of scattering, then they are elementary; otherwise, they are combined; each combined process consists from several alternative elementary ones to proceed simultaneously; the corresponding (normed) state can be uniquely presented as the sum of elementary ones whose (constant) norms give unit, in sum; Born's formula intended for calculating the {\it expectation} values of physical observables, as well as the standard timing procedure are valid only for elementary states and processes; only an elementary time-dependent state can be considered as the quantum counterpart to some classical one-particle rajectory. By our approach, tunneling a non-relativistic particle through a static one-dimensional potential barrier is a combined process consisting from two elementary ones, transmission and reflection. In the standard setting of the problem, we find an unique pair of solutions to the Schrödinger equation, which describe separately transmission and reflection. On this basis we introduce (exact and asymptotic) characteristic times for transmission and reflection.

arXiv:quant-ph/0405028•May 6, 2004•3 citations
A new approach to the problem of scattering the plane electromagnetic TE wave on a homogeneous dielectric layer is presented, which does not predict, unlike the standard model, the Hartman effect for the tunneling time in the case of scattering the TE wave in the regime of a frustrated total internal refection (FTIR). The basic idea of this approach is that a correct definition of the tunneling velocity and time is possible if only the dynamics of both its subprocesses — transmission and reflection — is known at all stages of the scattering process investigated. It is shown that the Wigner (group) tunneling time was introduced without taking into account of this requirement, and, as a consequence, both this characteristic itself and the associated with it Hartman effect have no relation to transferring the light energy through the layer. The dwell transmission time, which is directly related to it, does not lead to the Hartman effect.
As was shown in quant-ph/0405028, the state of a tunneling particle can be uniquely presented as a coherent superposition of two states to describe alternative sub-processes, transmission and reflection. In this paper, on the basis of the stationary wave functions for these sub-processes, we give new definitions of the dwell times for transmission and reflection. In the case of rectangular potential barriers the dwell times are obtained explicitly. In contrast with the well-known Büttiker's dwell-time, our dwell time for transmission increases exponentially, for the under-barrier tunneling, with increasing the barrier's width. By our approach the well-known Hartman effect is rather an artifact resulted from an improper interpretation of the wave-packet tunneling and experimental data, but not a real physical effect accompanying the tunneling phenomenon.
We present a renewed wave-packet analysis based on the following ideas: if a quantum one-particle scattering process and the corresponding state are described by an indivisible wave packet to move as a whole at all stages of scattering, then they are elementary; otherwise, they are combined; each combined process consists from several alternative elementary ones to proceed simultaneously; the corresponding (normed) state can be uniquely presented as the sum of elementary ones whose (constant) norms give unit, in sum; Born's formula intended for calculating the {\it expectation} values of physical observables, as well as the standard timing procedure are valid only for elementary states and processes; only an elementary time-dependent state can be considered as the quantum counterpart to some classical one-particle rajectory. By our approach, tunneling a non-relativistic particle through a static one-dimensional potential barrier is a combined process consisting from two elementary ones, transmission and reflection. In the standard setting of the problem, we find an unique pair of solutions to the Schrödinger equation, which describe separately transmission and reflection. On this basis we introduce (exact and asymptotic) characteristic times for transmission and reflection.