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Physical Review Letters

Partition function of anyon gas

Kyung Hyun Cho, Chaiho P. Rim

Published Mar 16, 1992• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We construct a partition function of N anyons in a constant external magnetic field and in an external harmonic potential well. From this we find an equation of state for the free anyon gas. The equation of state exhibits quantum behavior when the density of the anyons is of order of 1/N${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{T}}^{2}$, where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{T}}$ is the mean thermal wavelength.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.68.1621

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We construct a partition function of N anyons in a constant external magnetic field and in an external harmonic potential well. From this we find an equation of state for the free anyon gas. The equation of state exhibits quantum behavior when the density of the anyons is of order of 1/N\ensuremathλT2{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{T}}^{2}\ensuremathλT2​, where \ensuremathλT{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{T}}\ensuremathλT​ is the mean thermal wavelength.
The statistical mechanics of an anyon gas in a magnetic field is addressed. A harmonic regulator is used to define a proper thermodynamic limit. When the magnetic field is sufficiently strong, only exact N-anyon ground states, where anyons occupy the lowest Landau level, contribute to the equation of state. Particular attention is paid to the interval of definition of the statistical parameter \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\in}[-1,0] where a gap exists. Interestingly enough, one finds that at the critical filling \ensuremath{\nu}=-1/\ensuremath{\alpha} where the pressure diverges, the external magnetic field is entirely screened by the flux tubes carried by the anyons.
We develop a density functional treatment of noninteracting Abelian anyons, which is capable, in principle, of dealing with a system of a large number of anyons in an external potential. Comparison with exact results for a few particles shows that the model captures the behavior qualitatively and semiquantitatively, especially in the vicinity of the fermionic statistics. We then study anyons with statistics parameter 1+1/n1+1/n1+1/n, which are thought to condense into a superconducting state. An indication of the superconducting behavior is the mean-field result that, for uniform density systems, the ground-state energy increases under the application of an external magnetic field independent of its direction. Our density functional theory based analysis does not find that to be the case for finite systems of anyons, which can accommodate a weak external magnetic field through density transfer between the bulk and the boundary rather than through transitions across effective Landau levels, but the ``Meissner repulsion'' of the external magnetic field is recovered in the thermodynamic limit as the effect of the boundary becomes negligible. We also consider the quantum Hall effect of anyons, and show that its topological properties, such as the charge and statistics of the excitations and the quantized Hall conductance, arise in a self-consistent fashion.
For three anyons confined in a harmonic oscillator, only the class of states that interpolates nonlinearly with the statistical parameter contributes to the third virial coefficient of a free anyon gas. Rather than evaluating the full three-body partition function as was done in an earlier publication [J. Law, A. Suzuki, and R. Bhaduri, Phys. Rev. A 46, 4693 (1992)], here only the nonlinear contribution is calculated, thus avoiding delicate cancellations between the irrelevant linear part and the two-body partition function. Our numerical results are consistent with the simple analytical form suggested recently by Myrheim and Olaussen [Phys. Lett. B 299, 267 (1993)].
The mean field equations for anyons in an external homogeneous magnetic field are studied and two classes of mean field solutions are explicitly constructed. The first class of solutions, corresponding to one filled Landau level in the combined external and smeared out statistical magnetic fields, is compared to the corresponding exact groundstate solutions. The energies are found to agree well at low densities and when the statistical field is not too strong compared to the background field. At high densities the fermi pressure increases the mean field energy indefinitely. The mean field solutions also miss the lower part of the energy spectrum. To the second class of mean field solutions no corresponding anyon state is known. These solutions represent the anyonic continuation of the fermi state with two filled Landau levels.