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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

State-insensitive dichromatic optical-dipole trap for rubidium atoms: calculation and the dicromatic laser's realization

Junmin Wang, Shanlong Guo, Yulong Ge, Yongjie Cheng, Baodong Yang, Jun He

Published Apr 15, 2014• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Magic wavelength optical-dipole trap (ODT) allows confinement of neutral atoms and cancellation of the position-dependent spatially inhomogeneous differential light shift for a desired atomic transition. The light shift of the 87 Rb 5P3/2 state can be expediently tailored to be equal to that of the 87 Rb 5S1/2 state by employing dicromatic (λ1 + λ2 (here λ2 = 2λ1 ∼ 1.5 μm)) linearly polarized ODT lasers. In our calculation, two sets of state-insensitive dichromatic (784.3 + 1568.6 nm and 806.4 + 1612.8 nm) are obtained for the 87 Rb 5S1/2 (F = 2) – 5P3/2 (F � = 3) transition. Further, 784.3 + 1568.6 nm dicromatic laser system with a moderate output power has been realized experimentally by marrying efficient second-harmonic generation using a PPMgO:LN bulk crystal with a fibre-amplified 1.5 μm telecom laser.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/47/9/095001

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Magic wavelength optical-dipole trap (ODT) allows confinement of neutral atoms and cancellation of the position-dependent spatially inhomogeneous differential light shift for a desired atomic transition. The light shift of the 87 Rb 5P3/2 state can be expediently tailored to be equal to that of the 87 Rb 5S1/2 state by employing dicromatic (λ1 + λ2 (here λ2 = 2λ1 ∼ 1.5 μm)) linearly polarized ODT lasers. In our calculation, two sets of state-insensitive dichromatic (784.3 + 1568.6 nm and 806.4 + 1612.8 nm) are obtained for the 87 Rb 5S1/2 (F = 2) – 5P3/2 (F � = 3) transition. Further, 784.3 + 1568.6 nm dicromatic laser system with a moderate output power has been realized experimentally by marrying efficient second-harmonic generation using a PPMgO:LN bulk crystal with a fibre-amplified 1.5 μm telecom laser.
Optical dipole traps (ODT) with far-off-resonance laser are important tools in more and more present cold-atom experiments, which allow confinement of laser-cooled atoms with a long storage time. Particularly, the magic wavelength ODT can cancel the position-dependent spatially inhomogeneous light shift of desired atomic transition, which is introduced by the ODT laser beam. Now it plays an important role in the state-insensitive quantum engineering and the atomic optical clock. To verify the magic wavelength or the magic wavelength combination for D2 line transition of cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) atoms, we calculated and analyzed the light shift of the 133Cs 6S1/2 - 6P3/2 transition for a monochromatic ODT, and also the 87Rb 5S1/2 - 5P3/2 transition for a dichromatic ODT with a laser frequency ratio of 2:1. Also a dichromatic magic-wavelength ODT laser system for 87Rb atoms is proposed and experimentally realized by employing the quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling technique with telecom laser and fiber amplifier.
Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms is of great significance for studying the physical and chemical properties of atoms. To further realize the spatial localization of atoms, optical dipole trap (ODT) was proposed to manipulate individual atoms, ions or molecules and has become an increasingly important technique in the field of cold atomic physics and quantum optics. To eliminate the differential light shift of transitions between atomic states, ODT can be turned off during excitation/radiation. However, it will shorten the trap lifetime of the atom and reduce the repetition rate of the single photon. The AC stark shift can be eliminated experimentally by constructing blue-detuned dark ODT, but the micron-level dark ODT usually requires more complex experimental equipment and is not easy to operate. Therefore, magic-wavelength ODT was constructed to realize that the transition frequency of photons between atomic states is the same as in free space. When the trapping laser makes the differential light shift of the transition between the two atomic states zero, the laser wavelength is called the magic wavelength. The magic-wavelength ODT can eliminate the differential light shift of the transition between atoms, improve the repetition rate of the experimental sequence and weaken the atomic decoherence. In recent years, it has become a powerful tool for manipulating cold atoms, especially for coherently manipulating the atomic inner states. In the present work, with the theory of multi-level model, we calculate the dynamic electric polarizability of the 6S1/2 ground state and the 6P3/2 excited state connecting the D2 line of cesium atom in a range of 800–1000 nm, and obtain the magic wavelength of the optical trapping laser to trap the ground state and the excited state. Since the polarizability of atomic states with angular momentum greater than 0.5 is very sensitive to the polarization angle, the polarization-angle-dependent magic wavelength and the corresponding magic polarizability are analyzed by taking the linearly-polarized trapping laser for example. The magic polarization angle is 54.7° and the magic wavelength at this angle are 886.4315 and 934.0641 nm, respectively. The robustness of the magic conditions and the feasibility of the experimental operation are further analyzed.
For the trapped pre-cooled atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT), the magic-wavelength ODT can eliminate the differential light shift of the transition between two atomic states, so that the transition frequency between the two states is the same as that of atoms in the free space, which is of great significance for improving the experimental repetition rate and reducing the atomic decoherence in the fields of cold atom physics, quantum optics, and precision measurement. Here we calculate the dynamic polarizabilities of cesium 6S ground state and 7P excited state by using the multi-level model for the ODT with laser wavelength from 1200 to 2000 nm. The magic wavelengths of ODT are obtained for the linearly and circularly polarized laser beams at the intersection of dynamic polarizabilities of two atomic states. Furthermore, we analyze the robustness of the magic trapping conditions and the feasibility of the experimental operation near the telecom C-band wavelength.
The interaction of light with atoms and molecules is of fundamental interest in many branches of science. In atomic physics, this interaction can be used to cool and spatially confine (trap) atoms. These traps can be used as the starting point for other experiments, but the dynamics of the cooling and trapping processes is itself of interest. In order to better understand the physics of trapping atoms in an optical dipole force trap, we have conducted a series of spectroscopic measurements of ultracold rubidium atoms in such a trap. The trap was created at the focus of a Nd:YAG laser beam with wavelength 1064nm and nearly Gaussian spatial mode. For rubidium, the trap light is red-detuned and the atoms are confined to the highest intensity in the beam. In order to probe the atoms confined in the trap, we have performed spectroscopy on the 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transition. Because the polarizability of the ground and excited states is not the same at the trap wavelength, the spectra exhibit both a shift and inhomogeneous broadening. We have investigated the spectra for both linear and circular polarized traps. We also studied the application of a second laser to couple the excited state (5P3/2) to another higher excited state (5D5/2) to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening of the 5S1/2 → 5P 3/2 transition. Finally, two-photon spectroscopy was performed on atoms in the dipole force trap and compared to spectra taken in a magneto optical trap (MOT). Autler-Townes splitting was clearly observed in the MOT and appears to have been observed in the dipole force trap also.
Abstract Long ground-Rydberg coherence lifetime is interesting for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic gates, many-body physics, and other quantum information protocols. However, the potential formed by a conventional far-off-resonance red-detuned optical-dipole trap (ODT) is usually repulsive for Rydberg atoms, which will result in fast atom loss and low repetition rate of the experimental sequence. These issues can be addressed by a magic ODT. We performed the calculation of ODT’s magic detuning for confinement of ground-state and Rydberg-state cesium atoms with the same potential well. We used a sum-over-states method to calculate the dynamic polarizabilities of 6S 1/2 ground state and highly-excited ( n S 1/2 and n P 3/2 ) Rydberg state of cesium atoms, and identify corresponding magic detuning for optical wavelengths in the range of 850–1950 nm. We estimated the trapping lifetime of cesium Rydberg atoms confined in the magic ODT by including different dissipative mechanisms. Furthermore, we have experimentally realized an 1879.43 nm single-frequency laser system with a watt-level output power for setting up the magic ODT for 6S 1/2 ground-state and 84P 3/2 Rydberg-state cesium cold atoms.