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IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)

Genetic algorithm based quantum circuit synthesis with adaptive parameters control

Cristian Ruican, Mihai Udrescu, Lucian Prodan, Mircea Vlăduţiu

Published May 1, 2009• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Genetic algorithms were among the early choices for quantum circuit synthesis, because of their ability to evolve a given starting circuit towards one of the possible solutions. The synthesis method presented here is the first GA-based approach that dynamically adjusts its control parameters. The adaptive parameter control takes into account the analysis performed on each genetic operator, in order to automatically find an acceptable tradeoff between runtime and appropriate exploration. The experimental results prove that this method improves the synthesis runtime and the size of the circuit to be handled up to 7 qubits (previous GA-based techniques are effective only for 3-4 qubit circuits).

DOI
10.1109/cec.2009.4983040

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Genetic algorithms were among the early choices for quantum circuit synthesis, because of their ability to evolve a given starting circuit towards one of the possible solutions. The synthesis method presented here is the first GA-based approach that dynamically adjusts its control parameters. The adaptive parameter control takes into account the analysis performed on each genetic operator, in order to automatically find an acceptable tradeoff between runtime and appropriate exploration. The experimental results prove that this method improves the synthesis runtime and the size of the circuit to be handled up to 7 qubits (previous GA-based techniques are effective only for 3-4 qubit circuits).
This paper explores the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to optimize quantum circuits. The core claim is that GA can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of quantum computation by strategically modifying the topology and control parameters of quantum circuits. The proposed mechanism treats a quantum circuit as a genetic individual, leveraging the principles of genetic algorithms – including crossover, mutation, and selection – to iteratively enhance circuit performance. This approach represents a novel method for quantum circuit optimization, offering a potentially robust and adaptable solution compared to traditional optimization techniques. We present a framework for implementing this approach, focusing on the algorithmic steps and considerations for successful application. The exploration will cover the challenges and potential benefits of integrating evolutionary algorithms with the unique characteristics of quantum computation. ---
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Quantum algorithms will likely play a key role in future high-performance-computing (HPC) environments. These algorithms are typically expressed as quantum circuits composed of arbitrary gates or as unitary matrices. Executing these on physical devices, however, requires translation to device-compatible circuits, in a process called quantum compilation or circuit synthesis, since these devices support a limited number of native gates. Moreover, these devices typically have specific qubit topologies, which constrain how and where gates can be applied. Consequently, logical qubits in input circuits and unitaries may need to be mapped to and routed between physical qubits. Furthermore, current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices present additional constraints. They are vulnerable to errors during gate application and their short decoherence times lead to qubits rapidly succumbing to accumulated noise and possibly corrupting computations. Therefore, circuits synthesized for NISQ devices need to minimize gates and execution times. The problem of synthesizing device-compatible circuits, while optimizing for low gate count and short execution times, can be shown to be computationally intractable using analytical methods. Therefore, interest has grown towards heuristics-based synthesis techniques, which are able to produce approximations of the desired algorithm, while optimizing depth and gate-count. In this work, we investigate using genetic algorithms (GA)—a proven gradient-free optimization technique based on natural selection—for circuit synthesis. In particular, we formulate the quantum synthesis problem as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem, with the objectives of minimizing the approximation error, number of multi-qubit gates, and circuit depth. We also employ fuzzy logic for runtime parameter adaptation of GA to enhance search efficiency and solution quality in our proposed method.
Quantum computing leverages the unique properties of qubits and quantum parallelism to solve problems intractable for classical systems, offering unparalleled computational potential. However, optimization of quantum circuits remains critical, especially for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices with limited qubits and high error rates. Genetic algorithms (GAs) provide a promising approach for efficient quantum circuit synthesis by automating optimization tasks. This work examines the impact of various mutation strategies within a GA framework for quantum circuit synthesis. By analyzing how different mutations transform circuits, it identifies strategies that enhance efficiency and performance. Experiments utilized a fitness function emphasizing fidelity, while accounting for circuit depth and T-operations, to optimize circuits with four to six qubits. Our analysis revealed that, while the "swap, addition" strategy achieved the highest fidelity scores, it consistently increased circuit depth. In contrast, combining "swap, addition, delete" strategies offers a more balanced approach, delivering near-optimal results while also having the potential of reducing circuit depth.
Reversible quantum logic synthesis is to study given quantum gates and quantum circuits of the constraints and limitations and find the smallest or smaller quantum cost to achieve the desired quantum logic circuits.The quantum logic gate functions of the matrix is indicated by the mathematical model. The synthesis and optimization are achieved simultaneously by the genetic algorithm as global search tool. Genetic algorithm is applied to quantum reversible logic synthesis.The fourth-order quantum circuit experiment has achieved good results,and further analysis of this method in high-level synthesis of quantum circuits and its application is completed.