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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Dark lattice for atoms with a J → J - 1 transition

Nelly Pavlovna Konopleva, Anatolii M Tumaikin

Published Oct 21, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dark magneto-optical lattice for atoms with a J yields J - 1 transition is considered. The periodic potential is formed using a (sigma) + - (sigma) - laser field and a uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the light waves propagation. The dynamics of slowly moving atoms was investigated for J equals 1 in the quasiclassical approximation. The sub-Doppler cooling for a blue detuning from resonance is demonstrated. The dark atomic lattice creation in the case of the light induced shift is much less than the Zeeman splitting is predicted.

DOI
10.1117/12.328293

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The dark magneto-optical lattice for atoms with a J yields J - 1 transition is considered. The periodic potential is formed using a (sigma) + - (sigma) - laser field and a uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the light waves propagation. The dynamics of slowly moving atoms was investigated for J equals 1 in the quasiclassical approximation. The sub-Doppler cooling for a blue detuning from resonance is demonstrated. The dark atomic lattice creation in the case of the light induced shift is much less than the Zeeman splitting is predicted.
The dark magneto-optical lattice for atoms with J yields J -1 transition is considered. The periodic potential is formed using a (sigma) + - (sigma) - laser field and a uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the light waves propagation. The dynamics of slowly moving atoms is investigated for J equals 1 in the quasiclassical approximation. The cases of a weak and strong dark states destruction by the magnetic field are analyzed. The sub- Doppler cooling for a blue detuning from resonance is demonstrated for a low laser field power. The dark atomic lattice creation in the case of the light-induced shift is much less than the Zeeman splitting is predicted.
We present a new type of lattice for trapping cold atoms in nearly-dark states where they weakly interact with light. The periodic potential is obtained with fields in a lin ⊥ lin configuration tuned on the blue side of a J → J transition and in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field. A numerical analysis performed for J = 4 demonstrates the occurrence of very small absorption widths and large populations in the lowest vibrational states. These lattices should be interesting for increasing the atomic density and for observing delocalized atomic wave functions.
We demonstrate a new type of optical lattice which confines atoms in nearly dark states. The lattice is formed by cooperation of an optical standing wave detuned to the blue with respect to an atomic $F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ transition and a homogeneous magnetic field. The atoms are predominantly localized where the light is purely $\ensuremath{\pi}$ polarized such that they are optically pumped to the mF=0{m}_{F}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0mF​=0 Zeeman component which is decoupled from the light field. We have observed quantized vibrations of the localized atoms by means of probe transmission spectroscopy. Our ``dark'' optical lattice works in two and three dimensions.
The motion of atoms in a dark magneto-optical lattice is considered. This lattice is formed by a non-uniformly polarized laser field in the presence of a static magnetic field. Cold atoms are localized in the vicinity of points where dark states are not destroyed by a magnetic field. As a result, the optical interaction tends to zero (dark or grey lattices). Depending on the field configuration such a lattice can exhibit one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) periodicity. It is shown that in 1D and 2D dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected with the Bose statistics of particles can be observed under temperatures 10 -5 -10 -6 K and densities 10 11 -10 12 cm -3 , i.e. those that are usual for current experiments on laser cooling.
It is shown that in the dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected with the Bose-statistics of particles can be observed under the laser cooling temperature (10-4 - 10-6 K), that is orders of magnitude higher than the evaporative cooling temperature in magnetic traps. There appears the quasicondensation, when the wave function is formed at the localization distance of atoms in a single well. Apart from this, we show that the adiabatic reducing of the magnetic field leads to the increasing of the temperature and the Bose-condensation in the whole lattice can take place. The field configuration, where the form of the three-dimensional magneto-optical potential does not depend on phases of light waves, is found.
We show that in dark magneto-optical lattices, effects associated with the Bose statistics of atoms can be observed even at laser cooling temperatures (10 −4 –10 −6 K), which exceed evaporative cooling temperatures in magnetic traps by several orders of magnitude. Quasicondensation occurs, i.e., the wave function is formed over the distances on which atoms are localized near the bottom of a separate potential well. In addition, switching off the magnetic field adiabatically reduces the temperature significantly, as a result of which Bose condensation in the entire volume of the gas can be observed. We propose a configuration of the light and magnetic fields in which the shape of the three-dimensional magneto-optical potential is independent of the phases of the emerging light waves.