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Physical Review A

Quantum-eraser experiment with frequency-entangled photon pairs

Heonoh Kim, Jeong-Hoon Ko, Taesoo Kim

Published May 29, 2003• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a quantum-eraser experiment with frequency-entangled photon pairs generated by nondegenerate parametric down conversion. The relationship between which-path information and two-photon fringe visibility has been investigated by means of photon polarizations in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Although photons are not of the same frequency and are not superposed at the beam splitter, the results of the experiment show the revival of the fringe pattern by removing the path information in the interferometer by means of polarizations in front of the detectors.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.054102

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We report a quantum-eraser experiment with frequency-entangled photon pairs generated by nondegenerate parametric down conversion. The relationship between which-path information and two-photon fringe visibility has been investigated by means of photon polarizations in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Although photons are not of the same frequency and are not superposed at the beam splitter, the results of the experiment show the revival of the fringe pattern by removing the path information in the interferometer by means of polarizations in front of the detectors.
The quantum eraser experiment was revisited, using entangled photons of visible light in a Hong-Ou-Handel type interferometer with a magnitude two orders higher than before in count rates. We introduced which-path information by polarization and subsequently erasied this information by means of polarizers in front of detectors. It was found that the visibility of the interference fringe is revived from 0% to 88% as the polarizers are changed from 0 ∘^{\circ}∘ to 45 ∘^{\circ}∘ .
We have observed an effect known as a quantum eraser, using a setup similar to one previously employed to demonstrate a violation of Bell's inequalities. In this effect, an interfering system is first rendered incoherent by making the alternate Feynman paths which contribute to the overall process distinguishable; with our apparatus this is achieved by placing a half wave plate in one arm of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer so as to rotate the polarization of the light in that arm by 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. This adds information to the system, in that polarization is a new parameter which serves to label the path of a given photon, even after a recombining beam splitter. The quantum ``eraser'' removes this information from the state vector, after the output port of the interferometer, but in time to cause interference effects to reappear upon coincidence detection. For this purpose, we use two polarizers in front of our detectors. We present experimental results showing how the degree of erasure (which determines the visibility of the interference) depends on the relative orientation of the polarizers, along with theoretical curves. In addition, we show how this procedure may do more than merely erase, in that the act of ``pasting together'' two previously distinguishable paths can introduce a new relative phase between them.
We present two-photon interference experiments with polarization-entangled photon pairs in a polarization-based Franson-type interferometer. Although the two photons do not meet at a common beamsplitter, a phase-insensitive Hong-Ou-Mandel type two-photon interference peak and dip fringes are observed, resulting from the two-photon interference effect between two indistinguishable two-photon probability amplitudes leading to a coincidence detection. A spatial quantum beating fringe is also measured for nondegenerate photon pairs in the same interferometer, although the two-photon states have no frequency entanglement. When unentangled polarization-correlated photons are used as an input state, the polarization entanglement is successfully recovered through the interferometer via delayed compensation.
Rb atoms. When two photons with different wavelengths are incident on a polarization-based Michelson interferometer, two kinds of two-photon superposition states, the frequency-entangled state and dichromatic path-entangled state depending on whether the two photons are in different paths or in the same path, are probabilistically generated within the interferometer arms. Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference fringes resulting from the frequency-entangled state are observed over the range of the single-photon coherence length, following introduction of a coarse path-length difference between the two interferometer arms and employing phase randomization. When the interferometer is highly phase-sensitive without phase randomization, a phase super-resolved fringe arising from the dichromatic path-entangled state is observed, both with and without the accompanying one-photon interference fringes.
We present experimental observations of a nonclassic and nonlocal interference effect with frequency-entangled photon pairs. We observed two-photon interference in a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer by monitoring the coincidence-counting rate as we varied the path-length difference or the relative time delay between two photons. The quantum-mechanical probabilities of joint detection by two detectors that respond to different frequency components exhibit differences that depend not only on the arrangement of the detector pairs but on the spectral filtering. The experimental results provide more understanding of two-photon entanglement and of the interference effects that arise from superposition of indistinguishable probability amplitudes.