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Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

Nonperturbative Behavior of Higher-Harmonic Production in a Model Atom

Wilhelm Becker, S. Long, J. K. Mclver

Published Feb 1, 1997• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The emission of very high harmonics of a laser field irradiating a model atom defined by a three-dimensional delta function is considered and several nonperturbative features of the harmonic spectrum are discussed.
DOI
10.1515/zna-1997-1-224

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Abstract A new approach for studying the spontaneous emission of an atomic system in the presence of a high-intensity laser field is used to study the process of harmonic generation. The analysis is based on consideration of quantum system interaction, with the quantized field modes being in the vacuum state, while the intense laser field is considered to be classically beyond perturbation theory. The numerical analysis of the emission from the single one-electron 1D atom irradiated by the femtosecond laser pulse of a Ti:Sa laser is discussed. It is demonstrated that not only odd, but also even harmonics can be emitted if the laser field is strong enough. The origin of the appearance of even harmonics is studied. The obtained results are compared with those found in the framework of the semiclassical approach that is widely used to study harmonic generation. It is found that the semiclassical approach is inapplicable in the strong-field limit.
The time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for the helium atom with a model potential is solved on a numerical grid. The effects of intermediate-state resonance and of the ionization of the atom upon the harmonic generation are investigated. We also evaluate the contribution of the helium ion when the laser intensity is sufficiently high for most of the atoms to be ionized during the laser pulse. We find that the harmonics with order higher than 13 are due to the ion when the photon energy is 5.0 eV, while for photon energy 2.0 eV the atom produces up to about the 49th harmonic.
The spectrum of a two-level atom in the presence of a multimode laser pulse is calculated. The field is allowed to fluctuate in amplitude or in phase; the emitted spectrum has richer emission lines than in the case of the nonfluctuating field and shows peaks shifted toward the blue with respect to the traditional harmonic peaks. The position of the lines is predicted by the formula ω2n+1=(2n+1)(1+Δ)ωL with Δ being a parameter that can be found numerically. In this way the fluctuations seem to result in an effective increase of the laser frequency.