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Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Generalized absorber theory and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox

J. G. Cramer

Published Jul 15, 1980• 200 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A generalized form of Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory is used to explain the quantum-mechanical paradox proposed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR). The advanced solutions of the electromagnetic wave equation and of relativistic quantum-mechanical wave equations are shown to play the role of "verifier" in quantum-mechanical "transactions," providing microscopic communication paths between detectors across spacelike intervals in violation of the EPR locality postulate. The principle of causality is discussed in the context of this approach, and possibilities for experimental tests of the theory are examined.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.22.362

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•Jun 1, 2019•0 citations
A generalized form of Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory is used to explain the quantum-mechanical paradox proposed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR). The advanced solutions of the electromagnetic wave equation and of relativistic quantum-mechanical wave equations are shown to play the role of "verifier" in quantum-mechanical "transactions," providing microscopic communication paths between detectors across spacelike intervals in violation of the EPR locality postulate. The principle of causality is discussed in the context of this approach, and possibilities for experimental tests of the theory are examined.
The classical Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory with a postulate of Lorentz-invariant zero-point electromagnetic radiation is proposed to explain quantum phenomena in a similar manner to that of stochastic electrodynamics. For this purpose, Cramer's model of a 'Minimum emitter-absorber transaction' is extended to the case where zero-point radiation exists, in the context of the classical Wheeler-Feynman theory. The Einstein-Podolski-Rosen paradox and the quantum levels of a charged simple harmonic oscillator are derived from the theory. It is shown that the condition for a transaction plays an essential role, such as in the radiative balance of a simple harmonic oscillator.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox that argues for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics as a description of physical reality has been put to rest by John Bell’s famous theorem, which inspired numerous experimental tests and brought about further affirmations of quantum reality. Nevertheless, in his writings and public presentations, Richard Feynman never acknowledged the significance of Bell’s contribution to the resolution of the EPR paradox. In this paper, we discuss several variants of the Bell inequalities (including one that was specifically espoused by Feynman), and explore the ways in which they demolish the arguments in favor of local hidden-variable theories. We also examine the roots of Feynman’s attitude toward Bell’s theorem in the context of Feynman’s special perspective on quantum mechanics.
Introduction The paradox of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen was advanced as an argument that quantum mechanics could not be a complete theory but should be supplemented by additional variables. These additional variables were to restore to the theory causality and locality. In this note that idea will be formulated mathematically and shown to be incompatible with the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics. It is the requirement of locality, or more precisely that the result of a measurement on one system be unaffected by operations on a distant system with which it has interacted in the past, that creates the essential difficulty. There have been attempts to show that even without such a separability or locality requirement no ‘hidden variable’ interpretation of quantum mechanics is possible. These attempts have been examined elsewhere and found wanting. Moreover, a hidden variable interpretation of elementary quantum theory has been explicitly constructed. That particular interpretation has indeed a grossly non-local structure. This is characteristic, according to the result to be proved here, of any such theory which reproduces exactly the quantum mechanical predictions. Formulation With the example advocated by Bohm and Aharonov, the EPR argument is the following. Consider a pair of spin one-half particles formed somehow in the singlet spin state and moving freely in opposite directions. Measurements can be made, say by Stern–Gerlach magnets, on selected components of the spins σ 1 and σ 2 .
1. Quantum Mechanics, Reality and Separability: Physical Developments of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument.- Realism in Quantum Mechanics and a New Version of the EPR Experiment.- Discussion: M. Cini, F. De Martini, K. Kraus, T.W. Marshall, K.R. Popper, H. Rauch, M.C. Robinson, F. Selleri, J. Six, G. Tarozzi, J.-P. Vigier..- The Physical Origin of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox.- Does the Bell Inequality Hold for All Local Theories?.- Is it Possible to Save Causality and Locality in Quantum Mechanics?.- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiments and Macroscopic Locality.- On the Compatibility of Local Realism with Atomic Cascade Experiments.- Is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Demanded by Quantum Mechanics?.- Infinite Wave Resolution of the EPR Paradox.- On Non Local Influences.- Einstein Locality for Individual Systems and for Statistical Ensembles.- Can Nondetected Photons Simulate Nonlocal Effects in Two-Photon Polarization Correlation Experiments?.- 2. The Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Processes.- Quantum Theory of Measurement without Wave Packet Collapse.- A Causal Fluidodynamical Model for the Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.- On the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.- Recent Developments in de Broglie Nonlinear Wave Mechanics.- The Role of the Quantum Potential in Determining Particle Trajectories and the Resolution of the Measurement Problem.- When is Statistical Theory Causal?.- Radiation Damping and Nonlinearity in the Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Stochastic Electrodynamics and the Bell Inequalities.- Nonlocal Quantum-Potential Interpretation of Relativistic Actions at a Distance in Many-Body Problems.- 3. The Realistic Interpretation of the Wave Function: Experimental Tests on the Wave-Particle Dualism.- Third Kind Measurements and Wave-Particle Dualism.- Quantum Effects in the Interference of Light.- Tests of Quantum Mechanics by Neutron Interferometry.- A Unified Experiment for Testing both the Interpretation and the Reduction Postulate of the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function.- Epilogue.- Evolutionary Epistemology.
This letter attempts to show that the non-classical 5D spacetime geometry-based theory of electromagnetism (http://vixra.org/pdf/1811.0315v2.pdf) is able to preserve both realism and locality for the Bell test thus supporting Einstein’s argument in general. In addition, the theory is able to match the quantum-mechanical (QM) predictions for the correlation. With the above-mentioned theory, the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox may be explained with the assumption that real values do exist, however, are inaccessible in principle due to the compactness of the extra spatial dimension.