We propose a different scheme to achieve six-photon entangled states based entirely on the concept of quantum erasure. To begin with, a scheme for making use of a group of four entangled photons to generate six-photon entangled states is presented. Then, with the same technique, the preparation of the six-photon entanglement from five-particle entanglement which is then combined with Bell states is considered. Our experimental methods can be used for the investigations of measurement-based quantum computation and multi-party quantum communication. We find that the success probability is determined by the small coefficients of the entangled states.
We propose a different scheme to achieve six-photon entangled states based entirely on the concept of quantum erasure. To begin with, a scheme for making use of a group of four entangled photons to generate six-photon entangled states is presented. Then, with the same technique, the preparation of the six-photon entanglement from five-particle entanglement which is then combined with Bell states is considered. Our experimental methods can be used for the investigations of measurement-based quantum computation and multi-party quantum communication. We find that the success probability is determined by the small coefficients of the entangled states.
Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information schemes andin the last years the research on multi-qubit entanglement has drawn lots ofattention. In this thesis the experimental generation and characterization ofmulti-qubit entanglement is presented. The qubits are implemented in the polarizationdegree of freedom of photons and we have prepared genuine entangledstates of two, four and six photons. We emphasize that one type of states thatwe produce are invariant entangled states, remaining unchanged under simultaneousidentical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents.Such states can be applied to e.g. decoherence-free encoding, quantum communicationwithout sharing a common reference frame, quantum telecloning,secret sharing and remote state preparation schemes.In the experimental implementation we use a single source of entangledphoton pairs and extract the first, second and third order parametric downconversion.The multi-order processes are not entirely spontaneous, as we getthe right states utilizing bosonic emission enhancement due to indistinguishability.Despite the achievement of six-photon entangled states, is the setupcompletely free from interferometric overlaps making it robust and contributingto high fidelities of the generated states. The analysis results of our experimentalstates are in very good agreement with theory and also show very highvisibilities in their correlations.
Over the last twenty years the field of quantum information processing (QIP) has attracted the attention of many scientists, due to the promise of impressive improvements in the areas of computational speed, communication security and the ability to simulate nature on the micro scale. This thesis describes an experimental work on the physics of multi-photon entanglement and its application in the field of QIP. We have thoroughly developed the necessary techniques to generate multipartite entanglement between up to six photons. By exploiting the developed six-photon interferometer, in this thesis we report for the first time the experimental quantum teleportation of a two-qubit composite system, the realization of multi-stage entanglement swapping, the implementation of a teleportation-based controlled-NOT gate for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the first generation of entanglement in sixpartite photonic graph states and the realization of ‘one-way’ quantum computation with two-photon four-qubit cluster states. The methods developed in these experiments are of great significance both for exploring the field of QIP and for future experiments on the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics.
Major efforts in quantum information science are devoted to the development of methods that are superior to the one of classical information processing, for example the quantum computer or quantum simulations. For these purposes, superposition and entangled states are considered a decisive resource. Furthermore, since the early days of quantum mechanics, entanglement has revealed the discrepancy between the quantum mechanical and the everyday life perception of the physical world. This combination of fundamental science and application-oriented research makes the realization, characterization, and application of entanglement a challenge pursued by many researchers. In this work, the observation of entangled states of polarization encoded photonic qubits is pushed forward in two directions: flexibility in state observation and increase in photon rate. To achieve flexibility two different schemes are developed: setup-based and entanglement-based observation of inequivalent multi-photon states. The setup-based scheme relies on multi-photon interference at a polarizing beam splitter with prior polarization manipulations. It allows the observation of a family of important four-photon entangled states. The entanglement-based scheme exploits the rich properties of Dicke states under particle projections or loss in order to obtain inequivalent multi-photon entangled states. The observed states are characterized using the fidelity and entanglement witnesses. An increase in photon rate is crucial to achieve entanglement of higher photon numbers. This holds especially, when photon sources are utilized that emit photons spontaneously. To this end, a new photon source is presented based on a femtosecond ultraviolet enhancement cavity and applied to the observation of the six-photon Dicke state with three excitations. The implemented schemes not only allow the observation of inequivalent types of entanglement, but also the realization of various quantum information tasks. In this work, the four-photon GHZ state has been used in a quantum simulation of a minimal instance of the toric code. This code enables the demonstration of basic properties of anyons, which are quasiparticles distinct from bosons and fermions. Further, the six-photon Dicke state has been applied for quantum metrology: It allows one to estimate a phase shift with a higher precision than by using only classical resources. Altogether, a whole series of experiments for observing inequivalent multi-photon entangled states can now be substituted by a single experimental setup based on the designs developed in this work. In addition to this new approach of photon processing, a novel photon source has been implemented, paving the way to realizations of applications requiring higher photon numbers.
We propose a new scheme to generate multi-photon entanglement in two steps. First, we utilize a superconductor to create multi-quantum-dot entanglement; secondly, we use the input photon to transfer it into multi-photon entanglement. Moreover, the maximum probability for the swap of photon and quantum-dot qubits is close to unity for a single input Gaussian photon. More importantly, by mapping the multi-quantum-dot state into coherent states of oscillators, such as cavity modes, the multi-quantum-dot entanglement in our scheme can be protected from the decoherence induced by the noise. Thus, it is possible to generate more than eight spatially separated entangled photons in the realistic experimental conditions.
In this paper, our concern is to design some criteria for deterministic remote state preparation for preparing an arbitrary three-particle state via a genuinely entangled six-qubit state. First, we put forward two schemes in both the real and complex Hilbert space, respectively. Using an appropriate set of eight-qubit measurement basis, the remote three-qubit preparation is completed with unit success probability. Departing from previous research, our protocol has a salient feature in that the serviceable measurement basis only contains the initial coefficients and their conjugate values. By utilizing the permutation group, it is convenient to provide the permutation relationship between coefficients. Second, our ideas and methods can also be generalized to the situation of preparing an arbitrary N-particle state in complex case by taking advantage of Bell states as quantum resources. More importantly, criteria satisfied conditions for preparation with 100% success probability in complex Hilbert space is summarized. Third, the classical communication costs of our scheme are calculated to determine the classical recourses required. It is also worth mentioning that our protocol has higher efficiency and lower resource costs compared with the other papers.
The capability of linear optics to generate entangled states is exploited in photonic quantum information processing, however, it is challenging to obtain entangled logical qubit states. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the most compact scheme producing the dual-rail-encoded Bell states out of four single photons. Our scheme requires a five-mode interferometer and a single photon detector, while the previously known schemes use six-mode interferometers and two photon detectors. Using computer optimization, we have found a decomposition of the five-mode interferometer with a minimum number of beam splitters and phase-shift elements. Besides compactness, our scheme also offers a success probability of 1/9, which is higher than 2/27 provided by the six-mode counterparts. The analysis suggests that the elevated success probability is connected to a higher order of photon interference realized by our scheme, in particular, four-photon interference is implemented in our scheme, while three-photon interference was implemented in previous counterparts.