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Journal of Physics Conference Series

The mechanism of nuclear spontaneous time reversal symmetry breaking transfered to digital logic system

Ernest Grodner

Published Sep 10, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in the system of an atomic nucleus is discussed on the basis of nuclear chirality phenomenon. The mechanism of nuclear chirality i.e. existence of three aplanar angular momenta vectors seems to be applicable in other fields of physics, for example in classical physics as coupling of three gyroscopes. Here, possible application of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in the design of a digital logic is discussed as an interesting curiosity.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/533/1/012040

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Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in the system of an atomic nucleus is discussed on the basis of nuclear chirality phenomenon. The mechanism of nuclear chirality i.e. existence of three aplanar angular momenta vectors seems to be applicable in other fields of physics, for example in classical physics as coupling of three gyroscopes. Here, possible application of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in the design of a digital logic is discussed as an interesting curiosity.
We present a theoretical study of the interaction between an atom characterized by a degenerate ground state and a reciprocal environment, such as a semiconductor nanoparticle, without the presence of external bias. Our analysis reveals that the combined influence of the electron's intrinsic spin magnetic moment on the environment and the chiral atomic dipolar transitions may lead to either the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry or the emergence of time-crystal-like states with remarkably long relaxation times. The different behavior is ruled by the handedness of the precession motion of the atom's spin vector, which is induced by virtual chiral-dipolar transitions. Specifically, when the relative orientation of the precession angular velocity and the electron spin vector is as in a spinning top, the system manifests time-crystal-like states. Conversely, with the opposite relative orientation, the system experiences spontaneous symmetry breaking of time-reversal symmetry. Our findings introduce a novel mechanism for the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in atomic systems, and unveil an exciting opportunity to engineer a nonreciprocal response at the nanoscale, exclusively driven by the quantum vacuum fluctuations.
Molecular chirality plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, life sciences and pharmacology. Nowadays, the chiral discrimination and control at the single-molecule level is urgently needed to reveal the origin of the chirality-relevant phenomena by recovering the information disturbed by the ensemble averaging. The method of magnetic resonance (MR), as one of powerful tools for structure analysis, is blind to the molecular chirality in the absence of a chiral reagent. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a direct MR-based method for determining the chirality at the single-molecule level through constructing the symmetry-breaking dynamics of nearby nuclear spins. In principle, the mirror asymmetry of two enantiomers in real space is manifested by breaking the joint symmetry of the mirror reflection and time reversal in spin space under spin dynamics. Experimentally, two enantiomers are indistinguishable from the dynamics of strongly-coupled but unpolarized nuclear spins, but diverge evidently in the dynamical results that break the field-inversion symmetry after spins are polarized. Our method and results will benefit the study of chirality-induced properties in the fields of chemistry and biology.
Half-integer spin systems are characterized by a degenerate ground state. Here, the authors show that the chiral interactions of a spin-\textonehalf{} qubit with the vacuum fluctuations may spontaneously break both the time-reversal and the time-translation symmetries. In the former case, the electron spin becomes anchored along some particular direction of space determined by a geometrical symmetry. In contrast, the latter situation occurs when the intrinsic spin magnetic moment undergoes a cyclic oscillation in the ground state, realizing a time crystal.
Breaking time-reversal symmetry is a prerequisite for accessing certain interesting many-body states such as fractional quantum Hall states. For polaritons, charge neutrality prevents magnetic fields from providing a direct symmetry-breaking mechanism and, similar to the situation in ultracold atomic gases, an effective magnetic field has to be synthesized. We show that in the circuit-QED architecture, this can be achieved by inserting simple superconducting circuits into the resonator junctions. In the presence of such coupling elements, constant parallel magnetic and electric fields suffice to break time-reversal symmetry. We support these theoretical predictions with numerical simulations for realistic sample parameters, specify general conditions under which time reversal is broken, and discuss the application to chiral Fock-state transfer, an on-chip circulator, and tunable band structure for the Kagome lattice.
Quantum many-body systems in which time-reversal symmetry is broken give rise to a wealth of exotic phases, and thus constitute one of the frontiers of modern condensed matter physics. Quantum simulation allows us to better understand many-body systems with huge Hilbert space, where classical simulation is usually inefficient. With superconducting quantum circuit as a platform for quantum simulation, we realize synthetic Abelian gauge fields by using microwave drive and tunable coupling in loop configurations to break the time-reversal symmetry of the system. Based on high-precision manipulation and readout of circuit-QED architecture, we demonstrate the chiral ground spin current of a time-reversal symmetry broken system with nontrivial interactions. Our work is a significant attempt to simulate quantum many-body systems with time-reversal symmetry breaking in multi-qubit superconducting processors.
The chiral transfer of quantum information in a metal nanoring network is presented. A system of three metal nanorings coupled to a two-level quantum dot enables the chiral transport of quantum states by breaking the time-reversal symmetry, which provides a platform for chiral quantum information processing in nanorings. The direction of the chirality can be controlled by preparing the quantum dot in its ground or excited state. We show that the system dynamics can be controlled such that one can achieve a perfect or a partial chiral transfer of the excitation. The synthetic magnetic field that enables the chirality in the system makes the generation of specifically tailored entangled nanoring states possible. As particular examples, we show that in this platform the generation of a two-excitation NOON state and entangled coherent states among nanorings can be realized.