Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review C

R -Matrix Expansion for the Ground-State Energy of a Many-Fermion System

George Allen Baker Jr., Margaret F. Hind, Joseph Kahane

Published Sep 1, 1970• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The $R$-matrix expansion for the ground-state energy of a many-fermion system is carried through fourth order. We evaluate this expansion for a potential modeled after the nucleon-nucleon one. The calculation is described in detail. We find that the "hole-line" approximation seems to underestimate the attraction so that a hard-core force may well be consistent with the experimental binding energy of large nuclei.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.2.841

Related papers

Ground-state energy of a hard-sphere Fermi fluid. II. Spin and isospin

L. P. Benofy, J. L. Gammel, Robert M. Delaney +1 more

We evaluate the fourth-order Hugenholtz diagrams from the Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger many-body perturbation series for a repulsive, square-well potential. We consider a system containing four different equal-mass identically interacting particle species, similar to nuclear matter when only the repulsive core is considered. We use the results of these calculations to extend the L expansion of the ground-state energy of a Fermi fluid by one more term. From this extension, we are able to provide accurate values of the ground-state energy over a density range which includes that for infinite nuclear matter.

Physical Review C•Dec 1, 1993•1 citation

Constructive approach to the ground-state energy of a hard-core square-well fermion system

George Allen Baker Jr.

I am looking at the old problem of the ground-state energy of quantum many-Fermion systems. My tools will be a version of perturbation theory. It is plain that the ordinary, low-density rearrangement can not be used directly to compute the saturation energy and density of a system for which the two-body potential has a strong repulsive core and an attractive portion beyond the core, because the path of continuation from low-density to saturation density passes through the two-phase (vacuum, liquid) region. Likewise it is difficult to supply an expansion directly in lambda for fixed rho (density) because of the difficulty of the strong repulsive core and the tediousness of the calculations. My approach here is to expand the energy in a double series in k/sub F/, the Fermi momentum, and lambda, the strength of the attractive part of the potential. The plan is then to sum up, by the Pade method or a generalization of it, the k/sub F/ expansions of the coefficients of each power of lambda into a function of k/sub F/. The coefficient of lambda/sup 0/ is just the repulsive-core energy itself.

•Sep 1, 1984•0 citations

Critical-Point Singularities of the Perturbation Series for the Ground State of a Many-Fermion System

George Allen Baker Jr., Joseph Kahane

We show that the many-fermion ground-state energy with an attractive potential has a critical singularity. This singularity destroys the validity of ``low-density'' approximations. We also find that the K-matrix formalism is, in principle, not applicable to attractive potentials because of the presence of ``Emery singularities.'' We introduce an R-matrix formalism which is numerically very close to the K matrix and free from manifest ``Emery singularities.'' A model calculation is performed on the lattice gas to try to anticipate what quality of results can be expected from summing an R-matrix expansion with fixed density.

Journal of Mathematical Physics•Sep 1, 1969•19 citations

Study of the Perturbation Series for the Ground State of a Many-Fermion System. II

George Allen Baker Jr., Bob Hill, R. J. McKee

We derive through fourth order in the potential strength the many-fermion perturbation series for a velocity-dependent force which exactly simulates, in two-body scattering, a hard core. We use the Pad\'e approximant method to sum the complete series and the ladder and Brueckner approximation series. We compare these results with those of the $K$-matrix procedure and find that the $K$-matrix procedure fails to converge for the Brueckner approximation in the only interesting region. We also investigate near saturation, a system something like ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. We find that there is not, as some have speculated, a magic cancellation that would cause the ring diagrams to be of little importance there.

Physical Review•Aug 17, 1964•7 citations

Singularity Structure of the Perturbation Series for the Ground-State Energy of a Many-Fermion System

George Allen Baker Jr.

Calculational procedures are developed for the ground-state energy of a many-fermion system. The entire theory is developed from the many-body Schr\"odinger equation via perturbation theory. The linked cluster expansion is derived by elementary methods. The analytic singularities of the energy function are analyzed, and procedures designed to avoid or overcome them. Results for the calculation of the energy in the presence of a purely repulsive two-body force are reviewed, and the situation is found to be reasonably satisfactory, though good results are restricted to weak potentials when the system is not dilute. Results for an attractive potential surrounding a strongly repulsive core are reviewed, and procedures discribed for calculations in this case. A sample calculation with an assessment of the probable errors is reviewed.

Reviews of Modern Physics•Oct 1, 1971•117 citations

Hard-core square-well fermions

George Allen Baker Jr., L. P. Benofy, Mauricio Fortes +3 more

Based on the well-known low-density expansion for the ground-state energy per particle of a many-fermion system interacting pairwise via a central potential we develop a perturbation scheme in which the zero-order state is that of the purely-repulsive-spheres fluid. For the hard-core plus square-well pair-interaction case we have deduced, for two-species fermion matter, perturbation formulas up to sixth order in the attractive coupling parameter. We explicitly report results up to fourth order here. Pad\'e-approximant analyses in the density are carried out in each order with the intent of providing the basis necessary for extensive equation-of-state calculations of various many-fermion systems. In particular, for zero order (the fermion hard-sphere fluid) we predict an uncertainty-principle divergence in the energy, and hence pressure, corresponding to the random close packing of spheres, at a density of about 0.5 times the recently obtained value for boson hard spheres and about 0.2 times the well-known empirical value for classical hard spheres.

Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1982•30 citations
The RRR-matrix expansion for the ground-state energy of a many-fermion system is carried through fourth order. We evaluate this expansion for a potential modeled after the nucleon-nucleon one. The calculation is described in detail. We find that the "hole-line" approximation seems to underestimate the attraction so that a hard-core force may well be consistent with the experimental binding energy of large nuclei.
We evaluate the fourth-order Hugenholtz diagrams from the Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger many-body perturbation series for a repulsive, square-well potential. We consider a system containing four different equal-mass identically interacting particle species, similar to nuclear matter when only the repulsive core is considered. We use the results of these calculations to extend the L expansion of the ground-state energy of a Fermi fluid by one more term. From this extension, we are able to provide accurate values of the ground-state energy over a density range which includes that for infinite nuclear matter.
I am looking at the old problem of the ground-state energy of quantum many-Fermion systems. My tools will be a version of perturbation theory. It is plain that the ordinary, low-density rearrangement can not be used directly to compute the saturation energy and density of a system for which the two-body potential has a strong repulsive core and an attractive portion beyond the core, because the path of continuation from low-density to saturation density passes through the two-phase (vacuum, liquid) region. Likewise it is difficult to supply an expansion directly in lambda for fixed rho (density) because of the difficulty of the strong repulsive core and the tediousness of the calculations. My approach here is to expand the energy in a double series in k/sub F/, the Fermi momentum, and lambda, the strength of the attractive part of the potential. The plan is then to sum up, by the Pade method or a generalization of it, the k/sub F/ expansions of the coefficients of each power of lambda into a function of k/sub F/. The coefficient of lambda/sup 0/ is just the repulsive-core energy itself.
We show that the many-fermion ground-state energy with an attractive potential has a critical singularity. This singularity destroys the validity of ``low-density'' approximations. We also find that the K-matrix formalism is, in principle, not applicable to attractive potentials because of the presence of ``Emery singularities.'' We introduce an R-matrix formalism which is numerically very close to the K matrix and free from manifest ``Emery singularities.'' A model calculation is performed on the lattice gas to try to anticipate what quality of results can be expected from summing an R-matrix expansion with fixed density.
We derive through fourth order in the potential strength the many-fermion perturbation series for a velocity-dependent force which exactly simulates, in two-body scattering, a hard core. We use the Pad\'e approximant method to sum the complete series and the ladder and Brueckner approximation series. We compare these results with those of the KKK-matrix procedure and find that the KKK-matrix procedure fails to converge for the Brueckner approximation in the only interesting region. We also investigate near saturation, a system something like He3{\mathrm{He}}^{3}He3. We find that there is not, as some have speculated, a magic cancellation that would cause the ring diagrams to be of little importance there.
Calculational procedures are developed for the ground-state energy of a many-fermion system. The entire theory is developed from the many-body Schr\"odinger equation via perturbation theory. The linked cluster expansion is derived by elementary methods. The analytic singularities of the energy function are analyzed, and procedures designed to avoid or overcome them. Results for the calculation of the energy in the presence of a purely repulsive two-body force are reviewed, and the situation is found to be reasonably satisfactory, though good results are restricted to weak potentials when the system is not dilute. Results for an attractive potential surrounding a strongly repulsive core are reviewed, and procedures discribed for calculations in this case. A sample calculation with an assessment of the probable errors is reviewed.
Based on the well-known low-density expansion for the ground-state energy per particle of a many-fermion system interacting pairwise via a central potential we develop a perturbation scheme in which the zero-order state is that of the purely-repulsive-spheres fluid. For the hard-core plus square-well pair-interaction case we have deduced, for two-species fermion matter, perturbation formulas up to sixth order in the attractive coupling parameter. We explicitly report results up to fourth order here. Pad\'e-approximant analyses in the density are carried out in each order with the intent of providing the basis necessary for extensive equation-of-state calculations of various many-fermion systems. In particular, for zero order (the fermion hard-sphere fluid) we predict an uncertainty-principle divergence in the energy, and hence pressure, corresponding to the random close packing of spheres, at a density of about 0.5 times the recently obtained value for boson hard spheres and about 0.2 times the well-known empirical value for classical hard spheres.