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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Third-Order Temporal Correlation of Rayleigh Scattering

Yutaka Okabe, Tadashi Aoki, Katsumi Sakurai

Published Mar 15, 1976• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The third-order correlation properties of the integrated intensity of a Rayleigh scattering are discussed. The third-order temporal cumulant of the Rayleigh scattered light from polystyrene latex has been measured with a computer-controlled data acquisition system. The results of the experiment are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.40.798

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Physical Review Letters•Sep 26, 1977•5 citations
The third-order correlation properties of the integrated intensity of a Rayleigh scattering are discussed. The third-order temporal cumulant of the Rayleigh scattered light from polystyrene latex has been measured with a computer-controlled data acquisition system. The results of the experiment are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
The statistics and autocorrelation function of the light scattered from polystyrene latex have been studied with a light-detecting system on-line with a small digital computer. The distributions of photoelectric counts have been measured during count intervals from 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ to 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec. The results were well accounted for by the approximate theory of Mandel. The factorial moments have been measured to sixth order and the results were in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations. For the first time, we have directly measured the autocorrelation function without using a clipping or scaling method. With this direct method, the comparison between the results of the composite measurements and the theoretical predictions can be quantitatively discussed.
We have calculated the third- and higher-order (multitime) cumulants of the intensity of single-mode laser light using the rotating-wave van der Pol (RWVP) model. Our results indicate a distinctly nonexponential time dependence of the cumulants slightly below threshold and an oscillatory time dependence somewhat above threshold. One can interpret this oscillatory behavior as showing that the larger fluctuations above the mean decay more rapidly than those below the mean. Measurements of the third-order intensity cumulants above threshold would be desirable to check for this behavior and to provide a more rigorous test of the RWVP model than the second-order intensity correlation.
Third-order Hanbrury Brown—Twiss and double-slit interference experiments with a pseudo-thermal light are performed by recording intensities in single, double and triple optical paths, respectively. The experimental results verifies the theoretical prediction that the indispensable condition for achieving a interference pattern or ghost image in N th-order intensity correlation measurements is the synchronous detection of the same light field by each reference detector, no matter the intensities recorded in one, or two, or N optical paths. It is shown that, when the reference detectors are scanned in the opposite directions, the visibility and resolution of the third-order spatial correlation function of thermal light is much better than that scanned in the same direction, but it is no use for obtaining the N th-order interference pattern or ghost image in the thermal N th-order interference or ghost imaging.